Project Management: The Managerial Process 6e
a a a a a
By:aErikaLarson;aCliffordaGray
Publisher:aMcGrawaHill/Europe,aMiddleaeasta&aAfricaaEdition
:a6th
Table of Contents
a a
1. ModernaProjectaManagement
2. OrganizationaStrategyaandaProjectaSelection
3. Organization:aStructureaandaCulture
4. DefiningatheaProject
5. EstimatingaProjectaTimesaandaCosts
6. DevelopingaaaProjectaPlan
7. ManagingaRisk
8. SchedulingaResourcesaandaCosts
9. ReducingaProjectaDuration
10. Leadership:aBeingaanaEffectiveaProjectaManager
11. ManagingaProjectaTeams
12. Outsourcing:aManagingaInterorganizationala
Relations
13. ProgressaandaPerformanceaMeasurementaanda
Evaluation
14. ProjectaClosure
15. InternationalaProjects
16. Oversight
17. AnaIntroductionatoaAgileaProjectaManagement
18. ProjectaManagementaCareeraPaths
Chapter 1 a
MODERN PROJECT MANAGEMENT
a a
ChapteraOutline
1. WhataIsaaaProject?
A. WhataaaProjectaIsaNot
B. TheaProjectaLifeaCycle
C. TheaProjectaManager
2. TheaImportanceaofaProjectaManagement
1-1
, A. CompressionaofatheaProductaLifeaCycle
B. GlobalaCompetition
C. KnowledgeaExplosion
D. CorporateaDownsizing
E. IncreasedaCustomeraFocus
F. SmallaProjectsaRepresentaBigaProblems
3. ProjectaManagementaToday—AnaIntegrativeaApproach
A. IntegrationaofaProjectsawithatheaStrategicaPlan
B. IntegrationawithinatheaProcessaofaManagingaActualaProjects
4. Summary
5. TextaOverview
6. KeyaTerms
7. ReviewaQuestions
8. Exercises
9. Case:aAaDayainatheaLife
ChapteraObjectives
Toaexplainawhyaprojectamanagementaisacrucialainatoday’saworld
Toadefineaaaprojectaandadifferentiateaprojectsafromaroutineaoperations
Toaestablishatheaimportanceaofaprojectsainaimplementingaorganizationastrategy
Toaestablishathatamanagingaprojectsaisaanaactaofabalancingatheatechnicalaandas
ocioculturalasidesaofatheaproject.
ReviewaQuestions
1-2
,1. Defineaaaproject.aWhataareafiveacharacteristicsawhichahelpadifferentiateaprojectsafr
omaotherafunctionsacarriedaoutainatheadailyaoperationsaofatheaorganization?
Aaprojectaisaaacomplex,anonaroutine,aone-
timeaeffortalimitedabyatime,abudget,aresource,aandaspecifications.aDifferentiatingacharact
eristicsaofaprojectsafromaroutine,arepetitiveadailyaworkaareabelow:
a. Aadefinedalifeaspan
b. Aawell-definedaobjective
c. Typicallyainvolvesapeopleafromaseveraladisciplines
d. Aaprojectalifeacycle
e. Specificatime,acost,aandaperformancearequirements.
2. Whataareasomeaofatheakeyaenvironmentalaforcesathatahaveachangedatheawayaproject
saareamanaged?aWhatahasabeenatheaeffectaofatheseaforcesaonatheamanagementaofapr
ojects?
Someaenvironmentalaforcesathatahaveachangedatheawayaweamanageaprojectsaareatheaprod
uctalifeacycle,aknowledgeagrowth,aglobalacompetition,aorganizationadownsizing,atechnol
ogyachanges,atime-to-
market.aTheaimpactaofatheseaforcesaisamoreaprojectsaperaorganization,aprojectateamsaresp
onsibleaforaimplementingaprojects,aaccountability,achangingaorganizationastructures,ane
edaforarapidacompletionaofaprojects,alinkingaprojectsatoaorganizationastrategyaandacustom
ers,aprioritizingaprojectsatoaconserveaorganizationaresources,aalliancesawithaexternalaorg
anizations,aetc.
3. Whyaisatheaimplementationaofaprojectsaimportantatoastrategicaplanningaandatheapr
ojectamanager?
Strategicaplansaareaimplementedaprimarilyathroughaprojects—
e.g.,aaanewaproduct,aaanewainformationasystem,aaanewaplantaforaaanewaproduct.aTheaproje
ctamanageraisatheakeyapersonaresponsibleaforacompletingatheaprojectaonatime,aonabudget,a
andawithinaspecificationsasoatheaproject’sacustomeraisasatisfied.aIfatheaprojectaisanotalinke
datoatheastrategicaplanaofatheaorganization,aresourcesadevotedatoatheaprojectaareawastedaan
daaacustomeraneedaisanotamet.aThisalackaofaconnectivityaoccursamoreainapracticeathanamos
tawouldabelieve.
4. Theatechnicalaandasocioculturaladimensionsaofaprojectamanagementaareatwoasidesat
oatheasameacoin.a Explain.
Theasystemaandasocioculturaladimensionsaofaprojectamanagementaareatwoasidesaofatheasa
meacoinabecauseasuccessfulaprojectamanagersaareaskillfulainabothaareas.aTheapointaisasucc
essfulaprojectamanagersaneedatoabeaveryacomfortableaandaskillfulainabothaareas.
1-3
, 5. Whataisameantabyaanaintegrativeaapproachatoaprojectamanagement?aWhyaisathisa
approachaimportantainatoday’saenvironment?
Anaintegrativeaapproachatoaprojectamanagementaisaoneainawhichaallatheapartsaareainterrelat
ed.aThisaapproachaisaimportantabecauseaitacanagiveaanaorganizationaaacompetitiveaedgeaina
today’saenvironment.aAnaintegrativeaapproachaincludesatwoaparts.aFirst,aprojectsamustaha
veaaastrongalinkatoatheaorganization’sastrategicaplan,awhichaisadirectedatowardameetingathe
acustomer’saneeds.aAaprojectapriorityasystemareinforcesa thisalinkageabyaprioritizingaproje
ctsaaccordingatoatheiracontributionatoathea strategica planaandaallocatesaresourcesabyatheapr
ioritiesaset.aSecond,aanaintegrativeaapproachaprovidesaanaintegratedasystemaforatheaactuala
implementationaofatheaprojects.aThisaincludesaanainformationasystemawhichasupportsadec
isionamakingaandaaasocioculturalaenvironmentawhichacreatesaaapositive,aactiveacontributi
onafromateamamembersaresponsibleaforacompletingatheaproject.
Exercises
1. Reviewa thea fronta pagea ofa youra locala newspaper,a anda trya toa identifya alla theap
rojectsacontainedainatheaarticles.aHowamanyawereayouaableatoafind?
Itaisanearlyaimpossibleatoaopenaaanewspaperaandanotafindaarticlesarelatingatoaprojects.aSun
dayaeditionsaareaespeciallyagoodaforathisaexercise.aEvenaexperiencedaprojectamanagersafi
ndatheanumberaofaprojectsafaragreaterathanatheyawouldahaveapredicted.a Eachaoneawasama
nagedabyaaaprojectamanager!aThisaisaaagoodaillustrationaofatheaimportantaroleaprojectsapla
yainaouradailyalives.
2. Individuallyaidentifyawhatayouaconsideratoabeatheagreatestaachievementsaaccomplis
hedabyamankindainathealastafiveadecades.aNowashareayouralistawitha threeatoafiveaoth
erastudentsainatheaclass,aandacomeaupawithaanaexpandedalist.aReviewatheseaaccompli
shmentsainatermsaofatheadefinitionaofaaaproject.aWhatadoesayourareviewasuggestaabo
utatheaimportanceaofaprojectamanagement?
Typicalaresponsesacenteraonatechnology,amedicalaadvances,aspaceaexploration—
e.g.,acomputeraadvances,alaseraoperationsaandanewadrugs,abuildingatheaspaceastation.aOft
enayouahaveatoapointaoutathatamanyaofatheseaprojectsaareareallyaprograms.
Weausuallyaselectatwoaorathreeastudentasuggestionsaofaprojectsa(thereawillabeaplenty!)aand
aaskatheastudentsatoaidentifyatheakindsaofaproblemsatheaprojectamanageraofatheaprojectama
yahaveahadatoadealawith.aAgain,aonceatheastudentsagetaintoatheaexercise,atheaproblemsathe
yacanaenvisionaareamany.aTheseaproblemsaareaplacedaonatheaboard.aAfteratheaboardaisanea
rafilledaandamostastudentsahaveaparticipated,aweatryatoashowaoraclassifyaonatheaboardatheap
roblemsabyatheacontentaofatheatextachapters.aTheaintentaisatoademonstrateatoatheaclassatheac
ourseaandatextawillaaddressamanyaofatheaproblemsasuggestedabyatheastudents.
1-4
a a a a a
By:aErikaLarson;aCliffordaGray
Publisher:aMcGrawaHill/Europe,aMiddleaeasta&aAfricaaEdition
:a6th
Table of Contents
a a
1. ModernaProjectaManagement
2. OrganizationaStrategyaandaProjectaSelection
3. Organization:aStructureaandaCulture
4. DefiningatheaProject
5. EstimatingaProjectaTimesaandaCosts
6. DevelopingaaaProjectaPlan
7. ManagingaRisk
8. SchedulingaResourcesaandaCosts
9. ReducingaProjectaDuration
10. Leadership:aBeingaanaEffectiveaProjectaManager
11. ManagingaProjectaTeams
12. Outsourcing:aManagingaInterorganizationala
Relations
13. ProgressaandaPerformanceaMeasurementaanda
Evaluation
14. ProjectaClosure
15. InternationalaProjects
16. Oversight
17. AnaIntroductionatoaAgileaProjectaManagement
18. ProjectaManagementaCareeraPaths
Chapter 1 a
MODERN PROJECT MANAGEMENT
a a
ChapteraOutline
1. WhataIsaaaProject?
A. WhataaaProjectaIsaNot
B. TheaProjectaLifeaCycle
C. TheaProjectaManager
2. TheaImportanceaofaProjectaManagement
1-1
, A. CompressionaofatheaProductaLifeaCycle
B. GlobalaCompetition
C. KnowledgeaExplosion
D. CorporateaDownsizing
E. IncreasedaCustomeraFocus
F. SmallaProjectsaRepresentaBigaProblems
3. ProjectaManagementaToday—AnaIntegrativeaApproach
A. IntegrationaofaProjectsawithatheaStrategicaPlan
B. IntegrationawithinatheaProcessaofaManagingaActualaProjects
4. Summary
5. TextaOverview
6. KeyaTerms
7. ReviewaQuestions
8. Exercises
9. Case:aAaDayainatheaLife
ChapteraObjectives
Toaexplainawhyaprojectamanagementaisacrucialainatoday’saworld
Toadefineaaaprojectaandadifferentiateaprojectsafromaroutineaoperations
Toaestablishatheaimportanceaofaprojectsainaimplementingaorganizationastrategy
Toaestablishathatamanagingaprojectsaisaanaactaofabalancingatheatechnicalaandas
ocioculturalasidesaofatheaproject.
ReviewaQuestions
1-2
,1. Defineaaaproject.aWhataareafiveacharacteristicsawhichahelpadifferentiateaprojectsafr
omaotherafunctionsacarriedaoutainatheadailyaoperationsaofatheaorganization?
Aaprojectaisaaacomplex,anonaroutine,aone-
timeaeffortalimitedabyatime,abudget,aresource,aandaspecifications.aDifferentiatingacharact
eristicsaofaprojectsafromaroutine,arepetitiveadailyaworkaareabelow:
a. Aadefinedalifeaspan
b. Aawell-definedaobjective
c. Typicallyainvolvesapeopleafromaseveraladisciplines
d. Aaprojectalifeacycle
e. Specificatime,acost,aandaperformancearequirements.
2. Whataareasomeaofatheakeyaenvironmentalaforcesathatahaveachangedatheawayaproject
saareamanaged?aWhatahasabeenatheaeffectaofatheseaforcesaonatheamanagementaofapr
ojects?
Someaenvironmentalaforcesathatahaveachangedatheawayaweamanageaprojectsaareatheaprod
uctalifeacycle,aknowledgeagrowth,aglobalacompetition,aorganizationadownsizing,atechnol
ogyachanges,atime-to-
market.aTheaimpactaofatheseaforcesaisamoreaprojectsaperaorganization,aprojectateamsaresp
onsibleaforaimplementingaprojects,aaccountability,achangingaorganizationastructures,ane
edaforarapidacompletionaofaprojects,alinkingaprojectsatoaorganizationastrategyaandacustom
ers,aprioritizingaprojectsatoaconserveaorganizationaresources,aalliancesawithaexternalaorg
anizations,aetc.
3. Whyaisatheaimplementationaofaprojectsaimportantatoastrategicaplanningaandatheapr
ojectamanager?
Strategicaplansaareaimplementedaprimarilyathroughaprojects—
e.g.,aaanewaproduct,aaanewainformationasystem,aaanewaplantaforaaanewaproduct.aTheaproje
ctamanageraisatheakeyapersonaresponsibleaforacompletingatheaprojectaonatime,aonabudget,a
andawithinaspecificationsasoatheaproject’sacustomeraisasatisfied.aIfatheaprojectaisanotalinke
datoatheastrategicaplanaofatheaorganization,aresourcesadevotedatoatheaprojectaareawastedaan
daaacustomeraneedaisanotamet.aThisalackaofaconnectivityaoccursamoreainapracticeathanamos
tawouldabelieve.
4. Theatechnicalaandasocioculturaladimensionsaofaprojectamanagementaareatwoasidesat
oatheasameacoin.a Explain.
Theasystemaandasocioculturaladimensionsaofaprojectamanagementaareatwoasidesaofatheasa
meacoinabecauseasuccessfulaprojectamanagersaareaskillfulainabothaareas.aTheapointaisasucc
essfulaprojectamanagersaneedatoabeaveryacomfortableaandaskillfulainabothaareas.
1-3
, 5. Whataisameantabyaanaintegrativeaapproachatoaprojectamanagement?aWhyaisathisa
approachaimportantainatoday’saenvironment?
Anaintegrativeaapproachatoaprojectamanagementaisaoneainawhichaallatheapartsaareainterrelat
ed.aThisaapproachaisaimportantabecauseaitacanagiveaanaorganizationaaacompetitiveaedgeaina
today’saenvironment.aAnaintegrativeaapproachaincludesatwoaparts.aFirst,aprojectsamustaha
veaaastrongalinkatoatheaorganization’sastrategicaplan,awhichaisadirectedatowardameetingathe
acustomer’saneeds.aAaprojectapriorityasystemareinforcesa thisalinkageabyaprioritizingaproje
ctsaaccordingatoatheiracontributionatoathea strategica planaandaallocatesaresourcesabyatheapr
ioritiesaset.aSecond,aanaintegrativeaapproachaprovidesaanaintegratedasystemaforatheaactuala
implementationaofatheaprojects.aThisaincludesaanainformationasystemawhichasupportsadec
isionamakingaandaaasocioculturalaenvironmentawhichacreatesaaapositive,aactiveacontributi
onafromateamamembersaresponsibleaforacompletingatheaproject.
Exercises
1. Reviewa thea fronta pagea ofa youra locala newspaper,a anda trya toa identifya alla theap
rojectsacontainedainatheaarticles.aHowamanyawereayouaableatoafind?
Itaisanearlyaimpossibleatoaopenaaanewspaperaandanotafindaarticlesarelatingatoaprojects.aSun
dayaeditionsaareaespeciallyagoodaforathisaexercise.aEvenaexperiencedaprojectamanagersafi
ndatheanumberaofaprojectsafaragreaterathanatheyawouldahaveapredicted.a Eachaoneawasama
nagedabyaaaprojectamanager!aThisaisaaagoodaillustrationaofatheaimportantaroleaprojectsapla
yainaouradailyalives.
2. Individuallyaidentifyawhatayouaconsideratoabeatheagreatestaachievementsaaccomplis
hedabyamankindainathealastafiveadecades.aNowashareayouralistawitha threeatoafiveaoth
erastudentsainatheaclass,aandacomeaupawithaanaexpandedalist.aReviewatheseaaccompli
shmentsainatermsaofatheadefinitionaofaaaproject.aWhatadoesayourareviewasuggestaabo
utatheaimportanceaofaprojectamanagement?
Typicalaresponsesacenteraonatechnology,amedicalaadvances,aspaceaexploration—
e.g.,acomputeraadvances,alaseraoperationsaandanewadrugs,abuildingatheaspaceastation.aOft
enayouahaveatoapointaoutathatamanyaofatheseaprojectsaareareallyaprograms.
Weausuallyaselectatwoaorathreeastudentasuggestionsaofaprojectsa(thereawillabeaplenty!)aand
aaskatheastudentsatoaidentifyatheakindsaofaproblemsatheaprojectamanageraofatheaprojectama
yahaveahadatoadealawith.aAgain,aonceatheastudentsagetaintoatheaexercise,atheaproblemsathe
yacanaenvisionaareamany.aTheseaproblemsaareaplacedaonatheaboard.aAfteratheaboardaisanea
rafilledaandamostastudentsahaveaparticipated,aweatryatoashowaoraclassifyaonatheaboardatheap
roblemsabyatheacontentaofatheatextachapters.aTheaintentaisatoademonstrateatoatheaclassatheac
ourseaandatextawillaaddressamanyaofatheaproblemsasuggestedabyatheastudents.
1-4
