Pathophysiology NU545 Unit 4 Questions and Correct Detailed Answers (Verified Answers) ||Already Graded A+||Newest Version

Pathophysiology NU545 Unit 4 Questions and
Correct Detailed Answers (Verified Answers)
||Already Graded A+||Newest Version
Quiz: Infectious Mononucleosis

Ans: An acute, self-limiting viral infection of B cells, most commonly caused Epstein - Barr
Virus ( EBV) but can be caused by CMV, adenovirus, hepatitis A, influenza A and B, rubella,
bacteria toxoplasma gondii, corynebacterium diptheriae, and coxiella burnetii.



Quiz: Infectious Mononucleosis triad of symptoms

Ans: Pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy, fever



Quiz: Infectious Mononucleosis

Ans: Transmission is through saliva ("kissing disease") and blood



Quiz: Incubation period Mononucleosis

Ans: Approx. 30-50 days/4-8 weeks, followed by a 3-5 day prodrome of fever, malaise, and
arthralgias.



Quiz: Symptoms of Mononucleosis

Ans: Fatigue may last for 1-2 months after resolution of the infection. Rarely the lymph
nodes and spleen will become enlarged causing splenomegally 50% of the time.



Quiz: Leading cause of death from Mononucleosis




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, Ans: Splenic rupture is rare but can occur and is the leading cause of death.



Quiz: Diagnostic Criteria for Mononucleosis

Ans: Diagnosis is based on Hoagland's criteria of at least 50% lymphocytes and at least
10% atypical lymphocytes in the blood in the presence of fever, pharyngitis, and
adenopathy confirmed by a positive serologic test. 5-15% of Monospot tests yield false-
positive results.



Quiz: Mononucleosis Treatment

Ans: Is usually self-limiting, medical intervention is rarely required. Treatment is
supportive including rest, analgesics and antipyretics.



Quiz: Mononucleosis Treatment

Ans: Ibuprofen, NOT ASPIRIN, is used in children and adolescents due to reported
incidence of Reye syndrome associated with EBV. Ampicillin is contraindicated because it
can cause a rash in most cases of IM. Bed rest and avoidance of strenuous activity should
be included, as well as steroids. Acyclovir has been used in immunosuppressed individuals.



Quiz: Leukemia

Ans: an uncontrolled proliferation of malignant leukocytes, causing an overcrowding of
bone marrow and decreased production and function of normal hematopoietic cells.



Quiz: Leukemia

Ans: classified by its predominant cell of origin (myeloid or lymphoid) and the rate of
progression (chronic or acute).


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, Quiz: Four types of Leukemia

Ans: Acute lymphocytic (ALL), acute myelogenous (AML), chronic lymphocytic (CLL), and
chronic myelogenous (CML).



Quiz: Leukemia

Ans: White children have higher rates of occurrence. ALL is the least common overall but
is the most common in children.



Quiz: Leukemia Patho

Ans: Blasts "crowd out" bone marrow and cause cellular proliferation of the other cell
lines to decrease, possibly resulting in pancytopenia (reduction in all cellular components
of blood).



Quiz: Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

Ans: • most common childhood leukemia

• greater than 30% lymphoblasts in bone marrow or blood

• genetic anomaly - Philadelphia chromosome (between chromosomes 9 and 22)

• risk factors: prenatal x-ray exposure, postnatal exposure to high-dose radiation, viral
infections with HTLV-1 (can cause rare form of ALL and EBV), Down syndrome



Quiz: Acute Myelogenous Leukemia




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, Ans: • most common adult leukemia

• Down syndrome increases risk

• caused by abnormal proliferation of myeloid precursor cells, decreased rate of apoptosis,
arrest in cellular differentiation, mutation in the receptor tyrosine kinase FLT3

• risk factors include exposure to radiation, benzene, chemotherapy, hereditary conditions



Quiz: Manifestations of Acute Leukemia

Ans: • fatigue from anemia

• bleeding from thrombocytopenia (reduced platelets)

• fever from infection

• anorexia, weight loss, diminished sensitivity to sweet and sour tastes, muscle wasting,
difficulty swallowing

• CNS involvement



Quiz: Treatment of Acute Leukemia

Ans: • chemotherapy

• supportive measures (blood transfusions, abx, antifungals, antivirals)

• allopurinol which prevents production of uric acid (which is elevated from cellular death
due to treatment)

• stem cell transplantation

• bone marrow transplant



Quiz: Complications of Acute Leukemia


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