©BRIGHTSTARS 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1:26 PM A+
Oncology NCLEX Exam Questions And
Answers |Latest 2025 | Guaranteed Pass.
A client diagnosed with widespread lung cancer asks the nurse why he must be careful to avoid
crowds and people who are ill. What is the nurse's best response?
A. "With lung cancer, you are more likely to develop pneumonia and could pass this on to other
people who are already ill."
B. "When lung cancer is in the bones, it becomes a bone marrow malignancy, which stops
producing immune system cells."
C. "The large amount of mucus produced by the cancer cells is a good breeding ground for
bacteria and other microorganisms."
D. "When lung cancer is in the bones, it can prevent production of immune system cells, making
you less resistant to infection." - Answer✔D. Tumor cells that enter the bone marrow reduce
the production of healthy white blood cells (WBCs), which are needed for normal immune
function. Therefore clients who have cancer, especially leukemia, are at an increased risk for
infection. Other people are not at risk for becoming infected as a result of contact with a person
who has lung cancer. Lung cancer that has spread to the bone is still lung cancer; it is not a
bone marrow malignancy. It is true that the person with lung cancer may produce more mucus,
which can harbor microorganisms, but this is not the main reason why the client should avoid
crowds and people who are ill.
Which precaution is most important for the nurse to teach a client receiving radiation therapy
for head and neck cancer?
A. Avoid eating red meat during treatment.
B. Pace your leisure activities to prevent fatigue.
C. See your dentist twice yearly for the rest of your life.
D. Avoid using headphones or headsets until your hair grows back. - Answer✔C. Radiation
therapy that is directed in or around the oral cavity has a variety of actions that increase the
1|P a g e
, ©BRIGHTSTARS 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1:26 PM A+
risk for dental caries (cavities) and tooth decay. The salivary glands are affected, which changes
the composition of the person's saliva and often causes "dry mouth." This result allows rapid
bacterial overgrowth, which leads to cavity formation. In addition, the radiation damages the
integrity of the enamel and also damages some of the living cells in the tooth. All contribute to
an increased risk for dental infections and cavities.
A client receiving high-dose chemotherapy who has bone marrow suppression has been
receiving daily injections of epoetin alfa (Procrit). Which assessment finding indicates to the
nurse that today's dose should be held and the health care provider notified?
A. Hematocrit of 28%
B. Total white blood cell count of 6200 cells/mm3
C. Blood pressure change from 130/90 mm Hg to 148/98 mm Hg
D. Temperature change from 99° F (37.2 C) to 100 F (37.8 C) - Answer✔C. Epoetin alfa and other
erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) such as darbepoetin alfa (Aranesp) and epoetin alfa
(Epogen, Procrit) increase the production of many blood cell types, not just erythrocytes, which
increases the client's risk for hypertension, blood clots, strokes, and heart attacks, especially
among older adults. Dosing is based on individual client hemoglobin and hematocrit levels to
ensure that just enough red blood cells are produced to avoid the need for transfusion but not
to bring hemoglobin or hematocrit levels up to normal. The increased blood pressure is an
indication to stop this therapy immediately.
Which action is most important for the nurse to implement to prevent nausea and vomiting in a
client who is prescribed to receive the first round of IV chemotherapy?
A. Keep the client NPO during the time chemotherapy is infusing.
B. Administer antiemetic drugs before administering chemotherapy.
C. Ensure that the chemotherapy is infused over a 4- to 6-hour period.
D. Assess the client for manifestations of dehydration hourly during the infusion period. -
Answer✔B. When emetogenic chemotherapy drugs are prescribed, the client should receive
antiemetic drugs before the chemotherapy drugs are administered. This allows time for
prevention of chemotherapy-associated nausea and vomiting; however, the antiemetic therapy
cannot stop until all risks for nausea and vomiting have passed. Clients become nauseated and
vomit even if they are NPO.
2|P a g e
, ©BRIGHTSTARS 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1:26 PM A+
A client being treated for advanced breast cancer with chemotherapy reports that she must be
allergic to one of her drugs because her entire face is swollen. What assessment does the nurse
perform?
A. Asks whether the client has other known allergies
B. Checks the capillary refill on fingernails bilaterally
C. Examines the client's neck and chest for edema and engorged veins
D. Compares blood pressure measured in the right arm with that in the left arm - Answer✔C.
The client's swollen face indicates possible superior vena cava syndrome, which is an oncologic
emergency. Manifestations result from the blockage of venous return from the head, neck, and
upper trunk. Early manifestations occur when the client arises after a night's sleep and include
edema of the face, especially around the eyes, and tightness of the shirt or blouse collar. As the
compression worsens, the client develops engorged blood vessels and erythema of the upper
body, edema in the arms and hands, dyspnea, and epistaxis. Interventions at this stage are
more likely to be successful. Late manifestations include hemorrhage, cyanosis, mental status
changes, decreased cardiac output, and hypotension. Death results if compression is not
relieved.
The nurse is teaching the 47-year-old female client about recommended screening practices for
breast cancer. Which statement by the client indicates understanding of the nurse's
instructions?
A. "My mother and grandmother had breast cancer, so I am at risk."
B. "I get a mammography every 2 years since I turned 30."
C. "A clinical breast examination is performed every month since I turned 40."
D. "A CT scan will be done every year after I turn 50." - Answer✔A. A strong family history of
breast cancer indicates a risk for breast cancer. Annual screening may be indicated for a strong
family history. The client may perform a self-breast examination monthly; a clinical examination
by a health care provider is indicated annually. An annual mammography is performed after age
40 or in younger clients with a strong family history.
The nurse is giving a group presentation on cancer prevention and recognition. Which
statement by an older adult client indicates understanding of the nurse's instructions?
A. "Cigarette smoking always causes lung cancer."
B. "Taking multivitamins will prevent me from developing cancer."
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, ©BRIGHTSTARS 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1:26 PM A+
C. "If I have only one shot of whiskey a day, I probably will not develop cancer."
D. "I need to report the pain going down my legs to my health care provider." - Answer✔D. Pain
in the back of the legs could indicate prostate cancer in an older man.
A 72-year-old client recovering from lung cancer surgery asks the nurse to explain how she
developed cancer when she has never smoked. Which factor may explain the possible cause?
A. A diagnosis of diabetes treated with insulin and diet
B. An exercise regimen of jogging 3 miles 4x/wk
C. A history of cardiac disease
D. Advancing age - Answer✔D. Advancing age is the single most important risk factor for
cancer. As a person ages, immune protection decreases.
The nurse reviews the chart of the client admitted with a diagnosis of glioblastoma with a
T1NXM0 classification. Which explanation does the nurse offer when the client asks what the
terminology means?
A. "Two lymph nodes are involved in this tumor of the glial cells, and another tumor is present."
B. "The brain tumor measures about 1 to 2 cm and shows no regional lymph nodes and no
distant metastasis."
C. "This type of tumor in the brain is small with some lymph node involvement; another tumor
is present somewhere else in your body."
D. "Glioma means this tumor is benign, so I will have to ask your health care provider the
reason for the chemotherapy and radiation." - Answer✔B. T1 means that the tumor is
increasing in size to about 2 cm, and that no regional lymph nodes are present in the brain. M0
means that no distant metastasis has occurred.
The client has a diagnosis of lung cancer. To which areas does the nurse anticipate that this
client's tumor may metastasize? Select all that apply.
A. Brain
B. Bone
C. Lymph nodes
4|P a g e
Oncology NCLEX Exam Questions And
Answers |Latest 2025 | Guaranteed Pass.
A client diagnosed with widespread lung cancer asks the nurse why he must be careful to avoid
crowds and people who are ill. What is the nurse's best response?
A. "With lung cancer, you are more likely to develop pneumonia and could pass this on to other
people who are already ill."
B. "When lung cancer is in the bones, it becomes a bone marrow malignancy, which stops
producing immune system cells."
C. "The large amount of mucus produced by the cancer cells is a good breeding ground for
bacteria and other microorganisms."
D. "When lung cancer is in the bones, it can prevent production of immune system cells, making
you less resistant to infection." - Answer✔D. Tumor cells that enter the bone marrow reduce
the production of healthy white blood cells (WBCs), which are needed for normal immune
function. Therefore clients who have cancer, especially leukemia, are at an increased risk for
infection. Other people are not at risk for becoming infected as a result of contact with a person
who has lung cancer. Lung cancer that has spread to the bone is still lung cancer; it is not a
bone marrow malignancy. It is true that the person with lung cancer may produce more mucus,
which can harbor microorganisms, but this is not the main reason why the client should avoid
crowds and people who are ill.
Which precaution is most important for the nurse to teach a client receiving radiation therapy
for head and neck cancer?
A. Avoid eating red meat during treatment.
B. Pace your leisure activities to prevent fatigue.
C. See your dentist twice yearly for the rest of your life.
D. Avoid using headphones or headsets until your hair grows back. - Answer✔C. Radiation
therapy that is directed in or around the oral cavity has a variety of actions that increase the
1|P a g e
, ©BRIGHTSTARS 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1:26 PM A+
risk for dental caries (cavities) and tooth decay. The salivary glands are affected, which changes
the composition of the person's saliva and often causes "dry mouth." This result allows rapid
bacterial overgrowth, which leads to cavity formation. In addition, the radiation damages the
integrity of the enamel and also damages some of the living cells in the tooth. All contribute to
an increased risk for dental infections and cavities.
A client receiving high-dose chemotherapy who has bone marrow suppression has been
receiving daily injections of epoetin alfa (Procrit). Which assessment finding indicates to the
nurse that today's dose should be held and the health care provider notified?
A. Hematocrit of 28%
B. Total white blood cell count of 6200 cells/mm3
C. Blood pressure change from 130/90 mm Hg to 148/98 mm Hg
D. Temperature change from 99° F (37.2 C) to 100 F (37.8 C) - Answer✔C. Epoetin alfa and other
erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) such as darbepoetin alfa (Aranesp) and epoetin alfa
(Epogen, Procrit) increase the production of many blood cell types, not just erythrocytes, which
increases the client's risk for hypertension, blood clots, strokes, and heart attacks, especially
among older adults. Dosing is based on individual client hemoglobin and hematocrit levels to
ensure that just enough red blood cells are produced to avoid the need for transfusion but not
to bring hemoglobin or hematocrit levels up to normal. The increased blood pressure is an
indication to stop this therapy immediately.
Which action is most important for the nurse to implement to prevent nausea and vomiting in a
client who is prescribed to receive the first round of IV chemotherapy?
A. Keep the client NPO during the time chemotherapy is infusing.
B. Administer antiemetic drugs before administering chemotherapy.
C. Ensure that the chemotherapy is infused over a 4- to 6-hour period.
D. Assess the client for manifestations of dehydration hourly during the infusion period. -
Answer✔B. When emetogenic chemotherapy drugs are prescribed, the client should receive
antiemetic drugs before the chemotherapy drugs are administered. This allows time for
prevention of chemotherapy-associated nausea and vomiting; however, the antiemetic therapy
cannot stop until all risks for nausea and vomiting have passed. Clients become nauseated and
vomit even if they are NPO.
2|P a g e
, ©BRIGHTSTARS 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1:26 PM A+
A client being treated for advanced breast cancer with chemotherapy reports that she must be
allergic to one of her drugs because her entire face is swollen. What assessment does the nurse
perform?
A. Asks whether the client has other known allergies
B. Checks the capillary refill on fingernails bilaterally
C. Examines the client's neck and chest for edema and engorged veins
D. Compares blood pressure measured in the right arm with that in the left arm - Answer✔C.
The client's swollen face indicates possible superior vena cava syndrome, which is an oncologic
emergency. Manifestations result from the blockage of venous return from the head, neck, and
upper trunk. Early manifestations occur when the client arises after a night's sleep and include
edema of the face, especially around the eyes, and tightness of the shirt or blouse collar. As the
compression worsens, the client develops engorged blood vessels and erythema of the upper
body, edema in the arms and hands, dyspnea, and epistaxis. Interventions at this stage are
more likely to be successful. Late manifestations include hemorrhage, cyanosis, mental status
changes, decreased cardiac output, and hypotension. Death results if compression is not
relieved.
The nurse is teaching the 47-year-old female client about recommended screening practices for
breast cancer. Which statement by the client indicates understanding of the nurse's
instructions?
A. "My mother and grandmother had breast cancer, so I am at risk."
B. "I get a mammography every 2 years since I turned 30."
C. "A clinical breast examination is performed every month since I turned 40."
D. "A CT scan will be done every year after I turn 50." - Answer✔A. A strong family history of
breast cancer indicates a risk for breast cancer. Annual screening may be indicated for a strong
family history. The client may perform a self-breast examination monthly; a clinical examination
by a health care provider is indicated annually. An annual mammography is performed after age
40 or in younger clients with a strong family history.
The nurse is giving a group presentation on cancer prevention and recognition. Which
statement by an older adult client indicates understanding of the nurse's instructions?
A. "Cigarette smoking always causes lung cancer."
B. "Taking multivitamins will prevent me from developing cancer."
3|P a g e
, ©BRIGHTSTARS 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1:26 PM A+
C. "If I have only one shot of whiskey a day, I probably will not develop cancer."
D. "I need to report the pain going down my legs to my health care provider." - Answer✔D. Pain
in the back of the legs could indicate prostate cancer in an older man.
A 72-year-old client recovering from lung cancer surgery asks the nurse to explain how she
developed cancer when she has never smoked. Which factor may explain the possible cause?
A. A diagnosis of diabetes treated with insulin and diet
B. An exercise regimen of jogging 3 miles 4x/wk
C. A history of cardiac disease
D. Advancing age - Answer✔D. Advancing age is the single most important risk factor for
cancer. As a person ages, immune protection decreases.
The nurse reviews the chart of the client admitted with a diagnosis of glioblastoma with a
T1NXM0 classification. Which explanation does the nurse offer when the client asks what the
terminology means?
A. "Two lymph nodes are involved in this tumor of the glial cells, and another tumor is present."
B. "The brain tumor measures about 1 to 2 cm and shows no regional lymph nodes and no
distant metastasis."
C. "This type of tumor in the brain is small with some lymph node involvement; another tumor
is present somewhere else in your body."
D. "Glioma means this tumor is benign, so I will have to ask your health care provider the
reason for the chemotherapy and radiation." - Answer✔B. T1 means that the tumor is
increasing in size to about 2 cm, and that no regional lymph nodes are present in the brain. M0
means that no distant metastasis has occurred.
The client has a diagnosis of lung cancer. To which areas does the nurse anticipate that this
client's tumor may metastasize? Select all that apply.
A. Brain
B. Bone
C. Lymph nodes
4|P a g e
