NUR 120/NUR 120 Final Exam | 100 OUT OF 100 | Questions and Answers | Latest Update 2025/2026 | GRADED A | 100% Correct- WCU

NUR 120/NUR 120 Final Exam | 100 OUT OF 100 | Questions and Answers | Latest Update 2025/2026 | GRADED A | 100% Correct- WCU Question: What sequence does an abdominal assesment follow? and why? inspect, auscultate, percuss, palpate must auscultate first because percuss and palpate can alter bowel sounds. Question: Why do we auscultate the abdomen? to determine if there are altered bowel sounds Question: Define peristalsis the contraction and relaxation of muscles in the intestines that move things through the bowel Question: Signs and symptoms when assessing the abdomen, of apendicitus pain from the umbilicus to the RLQ Question: Signs and symptoms of an abdominal aortic aneurysim boring, tearing pain. auscultation reveals bruits or exaggerated pulsations Question: Which part of the stethoscope do we use to auscultate bowel sounds? the diaphragm Question: What is fluid in the abdomen? what does the skin look like? ascites, belly is large and distended Question: What are some things that happen to the abdomen as you age? The elderly are less likely to feel pain with abdominal conditions and may not follow your typical signs and symptoms Question: What can be described as a normal bowel sound? over most of the abdomen, tympanic sounds are heard, sounds may vary due to last meal eaten etc. how should you educate an overweight teenager? Question: Define hypoactive bowel sounds decreased bowel sounds, typically due to obstruction Question: Define hyperactive bowel sounds increased bowel sounds, typically noticed after eating or with diahhrea. can usually hear without stethoscope Question: Define normal bowel sounds the GI tract is working, usually clicks and gurgles Question: Name the 4 abdominal quadrants? RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ Question: Right upper quadrant, what organs are here? parts of liver, right kidney, pancreas, and gallbladder Question: Left upper quadrant, what organs are here? Spleen, stomach, left kidney, upper part of large instestine (colon) Question: Right lower quadrant, what organs are here? large instestine (cecum), appendix Question: Left lower quadrant, what organs are here? small intestine, large intestine, left reproductive organs Question: What are signs and symptoms of poor nutritional status? *poor diet-obesity *prominent bone structure *abnormal skin coloration *pitting edema Question: Obesity leads to what problems? *diabetes *heart problems *emphazema Question: What is BMI? Body mass index Question: What is bmi used for? used to determine whether an adult is overweight Question: What is folic acid? it is a vitamin B, the body uses it to make new cells Having enough folic acid in their bodies is important to who? women who are of the age to get pregnant what is the USDA approved guidelines for healthy eating? Myplate Question: What are carbohydrates? sugars and starches Question: What are proteins? polymers of amino acids Question: What are fats? lipids Question: What is a dietary recall? a 24 hour interview with detailed informationn on the foods eaten in the past 24 hours Question: How do you assess skin fold thickness? you have someone pinch the skin and lightly pull away from the muscle, and then use skinfold calipers to measure the thickness Question: How do you assess BMI using waist circumference? have the patient stand feet together and arms standing at sides and put a measuring tape around their waist, they breathe in and then record the measurement when they breathe out. * patients with a circumference greater than 40 inches in men and 35 inches in women are at high risk. Question: Describe the process of doing a rectal exam with the patient standing, have him slightly bend his knees and lean over the table. slightly spread the buttocks apart and observe for any lesions or hemroids, then with a lubed finger, insert your finger into the anus and move in a circular motion to feel for any interior lesions, tags, or hemroids Question: Why do you have trouble voiding with an enlarged prostate? an enlarged prostate puts pressure on the rectum and urethra making it painful and difficult to void Question: When should a male perform a testicular exam on himself? once a month Question: How do you perform a testicular self exam? grasp the testicle between your thumb and forefinger and roll it, looking for any lumps or abnormalities Question: What is testicular torsion? when the testicle rotates and twists the spermatic cord cutting off blood flow causing pain and swelling, this is very urgent/ must be fixed so that blood flow can return within 6 hours. Question: What term is described as not being able to retract the foreskin of an uncircumsized penis? phimosis Question: What to look for when assessing for hermaroids? painful masses, mucous discharge, blood Question: What is the most common infection in a hospital? UTI Question: How do we prevent UTIs? *perform proper hand hygiene *wipe patients from front to back *proper training on how to use an indwelling catheter Question: What is a hydrocil? type of swelling in the scrotum that occurs when fluid collects in the thin sheath surrounding a testicle Question: What position should you put a patient in if they cannot stand for a rectal exam? lying on their left side in sims position Question: What is a hypospadia? The opening of the urethra is found on the underside of the penis. Question: What are the signs and symptoms of menopause? *irregular periods *vaginal dryness *hot flashes *chills *night sweats Question: What is estrogen? helps develop and maintain reproductive parts in women Question: What is progesterone? it is a female sex hormone crutial for menstration Question: What is stress incontenance? when urine leaks out when the bladder is under pressure (ing or laughing) Question: What happens after menopause? your hormone levels remain at a low level, and you can no longer get pregnant and are at a higher risk for osteoporosis Question: What are the primary nutrients? carbohydrate, proteins, lipids/fats Question: What are the 3 main minerals important for your body? iron, zinc, calcium Question: What was created by the USDA as the baseline for a diet? Myplate Question: How much should a pregnant women increase her calorie intake? 300 to 500 calories Question: Describe the differences between verbal and nonverbal communication verbal communication-when words are used to communicate nonverbal communication- is when body language is used to communicate Question: What tone should be used when communicating with a child? a soft positive tone allows the child to focus on the message instead of the emotion behind the message Question: How should you adjust your tone when deciding how to speak to a patient? a nurse must determine the education level of the patient to determine what tone is appropriate to use when caring for them Question: What is the best way to implement infection control? *hand hygiene is always #1 *enviromental hygiene *screening patients *vaccines Question: Define subjective data Information that patients offer about their condition. (symptoms, pain) Question: Define objective data The findings resulting from direct observation - what you see, hear, smell, and touch. Question: What are abnormal vital signs? can be an indicator of an underlying issue or pathogen Question: Why is it important to be able to identify abnormal labs and vitals? we as the nurse must be able to report to the doctor if something is abnormal Question: If a patients blood pressure is high, what should we expect in regards to their heart rate? we would expect their heart rate to be high because the heart is pumping abnormally high Question: If a patients temperature is low, what would we expect in regards to their heart rate? we would expect their heart rate to be slow because the body is trying to conserve energy to attempt to warm up. Question: What are the different types of assessment? comprehensive, shift, and focused Question: Define comprehensive assessment an assessmemt that is done upon admission Question: Define shift assessment an assessment that is done at the beginning of every shfit Question: Define focused assessment an assessment that is done due to a problem or specific area of pain Question: What are some indications that a patient is in pain? groan, cry, wince when touched, facial expressions Question: When do we screen for abuse? if the patient arrives with bruising that alines with that of abuse, when the family member doesnt allow the patient to answer their own questions Question: How do we screen for abuse? confidentially ask the patient relevant questions and reassure that they are safe Question: What do we have to consider when caring for different patients with different beliefs? we as nurses have to be aware of cultural differences and be sure to educate ourselves so that we can properly care for that patient. Question: Explain the importance of being "present" with your patient being alert, kind, and focused Question: How do you assess a carotid pulse? apply pressure with your index finger on the neck, when you feel a pulse, count for 15 seconds and then multiply by 4. Question: How do we assess a TMJ? palpate directly over the joint while the patient open and closes the mouth. Question: How do we assess cranial nerves? each nerve is assessed by touching the corresponding part of the face lightly, initially the nurse should assess for symmetry in the face. Question: When do we insert an NG tube? *when a patient has an obstruction *immediately after surgery Question: What should you look for when assessing for a sinus infection? *pain or tenderness in face and neck *drainage in nose/throat *high fever *severe headache Question: How do we educate to help clear airways? *drink plenty of water *correct coughing technique *do not lie down when coughing Question: What are adventitious breath sounds? abnormal breath sounds Question: What is atelectasis? collapsed lung Question: If a patient has increased cardiac output, what abnormal vital sign corresponds? heart rate will increase Question: What position is most comfortable for a patient with orthophnea? sitting or standing (fowlers) Question: What is venous insufficiency? when your leg veins dont allow blood to flow back up to your heart. Question: What do you look for when assessing for venous insufficiency? *swelling in legs and feet *itchy legs *pain when walking *brown colored skin Question: What is venous stasis? a pooling of blood in the veins Question: How do we prevent venous stasis? *wear compression socks *maintain a healthy weight *increase activity *elevate legs Question: What kind of post op care does a nurse complete? *monitoring vital signs and pain *monitoring neurological status *keeping all surgical sights clean what are some changes in older patients involving their skin? *it gets thinner *it gets less pigmented What is the braden scale? used to evaluate a patients risk of developing a pressure ulcer what are the parameters on the braden scale? *scensory *perception *moisture *activity *mobility *friction *shear How do we perform a skin assessment? an inspection of the entire body, hair, skin, nails, skin folds How do we perform a nutrition assessment? looking at past and current intake of food, families dietary habits, financial situation (can they afford certain nutritional advice) Why do we do a nutritional assesment? obtain verify and interpret data needed so that a diagnosis can be made on the severity of a problem that includes someones nutritional health. carbs,proteins,fats what are they? 3 types of macronutrients What is a carbohydrate? sugar What is a protein? chain of amino acids What is fat? large lipid made from two kinds of smaller molecules: glycerol and fatty acids why are the 3 macronutrients important? these nutrients regulate your entire bodies overall health what are the different types of pain? *acute pain *chronic pain *neuropathic pain *nociceptive pain *radicular pain what is neuropathic paiN? caused by damage to the nerves that control information flow from brain to spinal cord, eventually causing a burning feeling that is sensitive to touch What is nociceptive pain? - pain that arises from damage to or inflammation of tissue other than that of the PNS and CNS; - usually throbbing, aching, localized; - typically responds to opioids and nonopioid medications What is radicular pain? pain on a root spreading throughout the dermatome What is acute pain? Short-term, self-limiting, stops after after injury heals What is chronic pain? Pain continues for 6 months or longer What is hypospadias? opening of the urethra on the underside of the penis what is testicular torsion? twisting of the spermatic cord What is a hydrocele? fluid in the scrotum signs and symptoms of prostate enlargement? *weak urinary stream *frequent urination *difficulty urinating *straining to urinate what changes are there in post menopausal women? *changes in blood pressure *changes in hormone levels *mood swings *osteoporosis *heart disease who assesses patients for dysphagia? what is the normal output of someone with a catheter? prolonged immobility, what can happen? *muscle atrophy *pressure ulcers *skin deterioration what is crepitus? crackles and popping in your joints and lungs that arent supposed to be there what is aphagia? difficulty swallowing What is ataxia? the loss of full control of bodily movements what should a healthy mouth look like? *gums should be firm and pink *tongue should be moist and free of any lesions what changes do we see in the mouths of elderly patients? *less saliva production that can worsen with certain medications *gums may receed what should you as a nurse do if you hear fine crackles in the lungs? encourage the patient to cough What is stridor? A narrowing of the upper airway, that causes a shrill sound on inhalation. where is erbs point? 3rd Intercoastal space near the sternum (used to listen to heart) Why is smoking bad? destroys cilia in the respiratory tract and mucus accumulates What are the pulse points? what is cranial nerve 5? trigeminal nerve what does cranial nerve 5 control? responsible for sensation of the face and control of motor function like biting and chewing why do we do a comprehensive head to toe when a patient is admitted to the hospital? this allows the provider to get more information on that patients overall health and allows them to dig in deeper if something abnormal arises why do we use the pain scale? used to better understand a persons pain so that the correct interventions can be performed What is epitaxis? nose bleeds what will the chest cavity look like during normal inspirations? equal left and right chest rise what are the layers of the skin? epidermis, dermis, hypodermis what is in the epidermis? The outer layer of skin that acts as a watertight protective covering. What is the dermis? Support layer below the epidermis What is the hypodermis? A layer of adipose tissue that stores energy and cushions other organs what are the five p's of sexual history? * Partners * Prevention of Pregnancy *Protection from STDs *Practices *Past history of STDs What is a good source of vitamin D? Being out in the sunshine, oily fish, red meat, liver, egg yolks what is a good source of Vitamin C? citrus fruits, potatoes, broccoli what is a good source of vitamin A? cheese, eggs, oily fish, milk, yogurt what is a good source of vitamin k? green leafy vegetables what is a good source of vitamin B? whole grains, meat, seafood, poultry, eggs What are the fat soluble vitamins? A, D, E, K vitamins that are soluable in organic solvents what are water soluble vitamins? B and C vitamins that are soluble in water who are vitamin B particularly important for? pregnant and lactating women What is basal metabolism? minimum energy expended to keep a resting, awake body alive what is subjective data? Data that only the subject or "patient" can feel and will tell you. Usually in a statement. What is objective data? What you observe and can measure