UAMS IMMUNOLOGY (ACTUAL 2025/2026) EXAM 1 QUESTIONS
AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
light scatter and specific abs tagged with fluorescent dyes - --
-Answers---how does flow cytometry ID cells?
through density gradient centrifugation with Ficoll-Hypaque - -
--Answers---how are lymphocytes obtained for flow
cytometry?
forward: size
side: granularity
and monoclonal abs labeled with fluorescent dye - ---
Answers---how does light scatter in flow cytometry ID cells?
laser (typically argon) - ---Answers---what is the light source
in light scatter flow cytometry?
fluorescence method - ---Answers---what method is used to
screen for subpopulations such as B, Th, or Tc cells?
fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC): green
phycoerythrin (PE): red to orange - ---Answers---what are
the most commonly used fluorochromes in the fluorescence
method of flow cytometry?
,fluorescense assisted cell sorting (FACS) - ---Answers---
what kind of flow cytometer can sort cells?
cell flows through beam, data sent to analyzer, computer
signals charging coller to administer pos or neg charge,
vibration breaks stream fo droplets (droplet is charged, cell
not affected), droplet passes through 2 charged plates (pos
attracts neg) (neg attracts pos) (uncharged is waste) - ---
Answers---what is the principle of the FACS (cell sorter)?
CD45 (>95%) - ---Answers---what is the determinant marker
and quantity of leukocytes?
CD34 (<1%) - ---Answers---what is the determinant marker
and quantity of stem cells?
CD19-23 (10-15%) - ---Answers---what is the determinant
marker and quantity of B cells?
CD2,3,5,7 (70% +/- 10) - ---Answers---what is the determinant
marker anr quantity of T cells?
CD4 (50% +/- 5) - ---Answers---what is the determinant
marker and quantity of helper T cells?
, CD8 (25% +/- 5) - ---Answers---what is the determinant
marker and quantity of cytotoxic T cells?
(> or equal to 1) to 1 - ---Answers---what is the normal CD4 to
CD8 ratio?
CD16 and CD56 (10-15%) - ---Answers---what is the
determinant marker and quantity of NK cells?
total WBC x (% lymphs/100)= answer in /uL - ---Answers---
what is the formula for calculating the absolute lymph count?
absolute lymph count x (% CD marker/100)= answer in /uL - --
-Answers---what is the formula for calculating the absolute
cell counts for T cells, Th cells, Tc cells, B cells, and Nk cells?
1.) vasodilation: chemical mediators are released are released
from injured cells; leads to redness and heat
2.) increased vascular permeability: caused by retraction of
endothelial cells lining blood vessles; allows fluid in plasma to
leak to tissues; produces swelling and pain
3.) influx phagocytes: facilitated by more capillary
permeability; PMNs arrive first followed by macros - ---
Answers---what is the sequence of inflammation?
neutrophil (PMNs) (most common) - ---Answers---what cells
are involved in acute inflammation?
AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
light scatter and specific abs tagged with fluorescent dyes - --
-Answers---how does flow cytometry ID cells?
through density gradient centrifugation with Ficoll-Hypaque - -
--Answers---how are lymphocytes obtained for flow
cytometry?
forward: size
side: granularity
and monoclonal abs labeled with fluorescent dye - ---
Answers---how does light scatter in flow cytometry ID cells?
laser (typically argon) - ---Answers---what is the light source
in light scatter flow cytometry?
fluorescence method - ---Answers---what method is used to
screen for subpopulations such as B, Th, or Tc cells?
fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC): green
phycoerythrin (PE): red to orange - ---Answers---what are
the most commonly used fluorochromes in the fluorescence
method of flow cytometry?
,fluorescense assisted cell sorting (FACS) - ---Answers---
what kind of flow cytometer can sort cells?
cell flows through beam, data sent to analyzer, computer
signals charging coller to administer pos or neg charge,
vibration breaks stream fo droplets (droplet is charged, cell
not affected), droplet passes through 2 charged plates (pos
attracts neg) (neg attracts pos) (uncharged is waste) - ---
Answers---what is the principle of the FACS (cell sorter)?
CD45 (>95%) - ---Answers---what is the determinant marker
and quantity of leukocytes?
CD34 (<1%) - ---Answers---what is the determinant marker
and quantity of stem cells?
CD19-23 (10-15%) - ---Answers---what is the determinant
marker and quantity of B cells?
CD2,3,5,7 (70% +/- 10) - ---Answers---what is the determinant
marker anr quantity of T cells?
CD4 (50% +/- 5) - ---Answers---what is the determinant
marker and quantity of helper T cells?
, CD8 (25% +/- 5) - ---Answers---what is the determinant
marker and quantity of cytotoxic T cells?
(> or equal to 1) to 1 - ---Answers---what is the normal CD4 to
CD8 ratio?
CD16 and CD56 (10-15%) - ---Answers---what is the
determinant marker and quantity of NK cells?
total WBC x (% lymphs/100)= answer in /uL - ---Answers---
what is the formula for calculating the absolute lymph count?
absolute lymph count x (% CD marker/100)= answer in /uL - --
-Answers---what is the formula for calculating the absolute
cell counts for T cells, Th cells, Tc cells, B cells, and Nk cells?
1.) vasodilation: chemical mediators are released are released
from injured cells; leads to redness and heat
2.) increased vascular permeability: caused by retraction of
endothelial cells lining blood vessles; allows fluid in plasma to
leak to tissues; produces swelling and pain
3.) influx phagocytes: facilitated by more capillary
permeability; PMNs arrive first followed by macros - ---
Answers---what is the sequence of inflammation?
neutrophil (PMNs) (most common) - ---Answers---what cells
are involved in acute inflammation?
