NURS 3110 Exam 2 | Questions and Answers (Complete Solutions)

NURS 3110 Exam 2 | Questions and Answers (Complete Solutions) Which of the following is a first generation H1-Receptor Antagonist? A. Diphenhydramine B. Cetirizine C. Loratadine D. Fexofenadine Which of the following drugs are first line maintenance medications for asthma? A. Long-acting bronchodilators (LABAs) B. Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS) C. Anticholinergics D. Immunomodulators What is the most common side effect of a medication for diarrhea? A. Vomiting B. Headache C. Diarrhea D. Constipation Which of the following are water soluble vitamins? Select all that apply. A. Ascorbic acid B. Cyanocobalamin C. Calciferol D. Iron E. Niacin Which of the following is not a class of drug used to treat allergic rhinitis? A. H1-Receptor Antagonists B. Mast Cell Stabilizers C. Cholinergic Agonists D. Sympathomimetics Which of the following second-generation antihistamines is used as an ophthalmic medication? A. loratadine B. olopatadine C. fexofenadine D. cetirizine Which of the following drugs is best used as a maintenance medication for allergic rhinitis? A. fluticasone B. diphenhydramine C. loratadine D. pseudoephedrine Which of the following terms accurately describes a nasal decongestant? A. beta adrenergic antagonist B. alpha adrenergic antagonist C. beta adrenergic agonist D. alpha adrenergic agonist Muscarinic receptors are a component of which of the following? A. the central nervous system B. the sympathetic nervous system C. the peripheral nervous system D. the parasympathetic nervous system Which of the following is the best treatment for the common cold? A. over the counter cough medications & decongestants B. prescription antihistamines & nasal corticosteroids C. Vick's VapoRub D. over the counter antihistamines and nasal corticosteroids Which of the following is a first line maintenance treatment for asthma? A. guaifenesin B. albuterol C. theophylline D. inhaled corticosteroids Which of the following medications might be used by a patient with COPD to mobilize secretions? A. guaifenesin B. albuterol C. theophylline D. inhaled corticosteroids Which of the following is an anticholinergic medication used in COPD? A. prednisone B. albuterol C. ipratropium D. formoterol Which of the following medications should a patient taking antibiotics for H. pylori infection not take? A. proton pump inhibitors B. antacids C. prescription nausea medications D. histamine2 antagonists Which of the following drugs is a proton pump inhibitor? A. ondansetron B. lactulose C. esomeprazole D. famotidine Which of the following is a bulk forming laxative? A. senna B. lactulose C. psyllium D. docusate Which of the following diarrhea medications are not available over the counter? A. loperamide B. pepto-bismol C. diphenoxylate with atropine D. kaopectate What is the difference between irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)? A. There is no difference B. IBD is a functional disorder, IBS is not C. IBS is a functional disorder, IBD is not D. medications for IBS are anti-inflammatory, medications for IBD treat diarrhea and/or constipation Which of the following medications for nausea is a serotonin antagonist? A. prochlorazine B. ginger C. meclizine D. ondansetron What is the most common side effect of a medication for diarrhea? A. vomiting B. headache C. diarrhea D. constipation A nurse is teaching a client about the use of antihistamines to treat allergic rhinitis. The nurse should explain that these medications are effective because they perform which of the following actions? A. decrease viscosity of nasal secretions B. block H2 receptors C. prevent histamine from binding to receptors D. reduce nasal congestion A nurse is preparing to administer phenylephrine to a pt. The nurse should identify that which of the following manifestations is an adverse effect of this medication? A. hypertension B. sleepiness C. hypotension D. constipation A nurse should recognize that using pseudoephedrine to treat allergic rhinitis requires cautious use with pts who have which of the following conditions? A. peptic ulcer disease B. a seizure disorder C. anemia D. coronary artery disease A nurse is teaching a pt about the use of an expectorant to treat a cough. The nurse should include that an expectorant has which of the following therapeutic effects? A. suppresses the cough stimulus B. reduces surface tension C. reduces inflammation D. dries mucous membranes A nurse is teaching a pt about the use of a mucolytic to treat a cough. The nurse should include that a mucolytic has which of the following therapeutic effects? A. suppresses the cough stimulus B. reduces inflammation C. thins & loosens mucus D. dries secretions A nurse is teaching a pt about ipratropium. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? A. "Do not drink anything for 30 minutes after using the medication." B. "Wait 5 minutes between using the medication and another inhaled medication." C. "This medication is used to thin respiratory secretions." D. "Check your pulse rate after inhaling the medication." A nurse is teaching a pt about the use of beclomethasone to treat asthma. The nurse should explain that the medication has which of the following therapeutic effects? A. thins mucus B. relaxes bronchial smooth muscle C. decreases inflammation D. increases the cough threshold A nurse is caring for a pt who is having difficulty mobilizing thick respiratory secretions. Which of the following medications should the nurse expect to administer to the pt? A. ipratropium B. beclomethasone C. acetylcysteine D. azelastine A nurse is teaching a pt who has a prescription for zileuton. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? A. check the HR before taking the medication B. take the medication only as needed before exercising C. rinse mouth after using the medication D. have laboratory tests performed at regular intervals A nurse is teaching a pt who is beginning fluticasone/salmeterol therapy. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? A. "Take the medication as needed for acute asthma." B. "Follow a low-sodium diet." C. "Use an alternate-day dosing schedule." D. "Increase weight-bearing activities." A nurse is caring for a pt who is taking codeine. Which of the following assessments should the nurse identify as the priority? A. blood pressure B. apical HR C. respiratory rate D. level of consciousness Legal restrictions apply to the purchase of pseudoephedrine because of which of the following risks? A. respiratory depression B. drug misuse C. medication tolerance D. rebound congestion A nurse should identify that dextromethorphan can have which of the following effects when combined with morphine? A. reduced antitussive effect of dextromethorphan B. potentiation of depression of CNS actions C. increases renal absorption of the dextromethorphan D. delayed analgesic effect of the opioid A nurse is monitoring plasma medication levels in a pt who is taking theophylline. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect to see if the pt's medication level indicates toxicity? A. seizures B. constipation C. normal sinus rhythm D. somnolence A nurse is teaching a pt who is taking prednisone for acute asthma exacerbation. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? A. "Avoid taking NSAID medication." B. "Rinse your mouth after taking the medication to prevent a yeast infection." C. "Stop taking the medication if you become nauseous." D. "Change position slowly when standing up." For which of the following reasons should a pt attach a spacer to a metered-dose inhaler? A. to increase the amt of medication delivered to the lungs B. to increase the amt of medication delivered to the orophyarynx C. to increase the amt of medication delivered on exhalation D. to increase the speed of medication delivery into the mouth A nurse is teaching a pt about ipratropium. The nurse should include that this medication has which of the following adverse effects? (Select all that apply) A. muscle tremors B. increased intraocular pressure C. dry mouth D. insomnia E. urinary retention A nurse is teaching a pt about the adverse effects of pseudoephedrine. Which of the following should the nurse include? A. restlessness B. bradycardia C. insomnia D. muscle pain E. anxiety A nurse is teaching a pt abt albuterol. The nurse should instruct the pt to monitor for and report which of the following as an adverse effect of this medication? A. fever B. bruising C. polyuria D. palpitations For which of the following reasons should the nurse instruct a pt to avoid taking guaifenesin with combination OTC cold products? A. OTC cold products can also contain guaifenesin B. blood glucose levels are increased C. rebound congestion is likely D. medication tolerance is likely A nurse is teaching a pt abt the use of cromolyn to prevent bronchospasm. The nurse should explain that the medication has which of the following therapeutic effects? A. increases leukocyte activity B. blocks muscarinic receptors C. causes bronchodilation D. reduces inflammation A nurse is teaching an adult pt about diphenhydramine. The nurse should inform the pt to expect which of the following adverse effects while taking this medication? A. muscle tremors B. drowsiness C. excitation D. insomnia The patient has been prescribed oxymetazoline (Afrin) nasal spray for seasonal rhinitis. Which instructions will the nurse provide? A. Limit use of this spray to 5 days or less. B. The drug may be sedating so be cautious with activities requiring alertness. C. This drug should not be used in conjunction with antihistamines. D. This is an over-the-counter drug and may be used as needed for congestion. A patient has a prescription for fluticasone (Flonase) for allergic rhinitis. Place the following instructions in the order in which the nurse will instruct the patient to use the drug. A. Instill one spray directed high into the nasal cavity. B. Clear the nose by blowing. C. Prime the inhaler prior to first use. D. Spit out any excess liquid that drains into the mouth. Order: C, B, A, D A man, age 67, reports taking diphenhydramine (Benadryl) for hay fever. Considering this patient's age, the nurse assesses for which findings? A. A history of prostatic or urinary conditions B. Any recent weight gain C. A history of allergic reactions D. A history of peptic ulcer disease The nurse is teaching a patient about the use of dextromethorphan with guaifenesin (Robitussin-DM) syrup for a cough accompanied by thick mucus. Which instruction should be included in the patient's teaching? A. Lie supine for 30 minutes after taking the liquid. B. Drink minimal fluids to avoid stimulating the cough reflex. C. Take the drug with food for best results. D. Avoid drinking fluids immediately after the syrup but increase overall fluid intake throughout the day. A patient has been prescribed fluticasone (Flonase) to use with oxymetazoline (Afrin). How should the patient be taught to use these drugs? A. Use the fluticasone first, then the oxymetazoline after waiting 5 minutes. B. Use the oxymetazoline first, then the fluticasone after waiting 5 minutes. C. The drugs may be used in either order. D. The fluticasone should be used only if the oxymetazoline fails to relieve the nasal congestion. Which of the following is the best advice that the nurse can give a patient with viral rhinitis who intends to purchase an OTC combination cold remedy? A. Dosages in these remedies provide precise dosing for each symptom that you are experiencing. B. These drugs are best used in conjunction with an antibiotic. C. It is safer to use a single-drug preparation if you are experiencing only one symptom. D. Since these drugs are available OTC, it is safe to use any of them as long as needed. A patient is receiving treatment for asthma with albuterol (Proventil). The nurse teaches the patient that while serious adverse effects are uncommon, the following may occur. (Select all that apply.) A. Tachycardia B. Sedation C. Temporary dyspnea D. Nervousness E. Headache A patient with asthma has a prescription for two inhalers, albuterol (Proventil) and beclomethasone (Qvar). How should the nurse instruct this patient on the proper use of the inhalers? A. Use the albuterol inhaler and use the beclomethasone only if symptoms are not relieved. B. Use the beclomethasone inhaler and use the albuterol only if symptoms are not relieved. C. Use the albuterol inhaler, wait 5-10 minutes, then use the beclomethasone inhaler. D. Use the beclomethasone inhaler, wait 5-10 minutes, then use the albuterol inhaler. A patient has been using a fluticasone (Flovent) inhaler as a component of his asthma therapy. He returns to his healthcare provider's office complaining of a sore mouth. On inspection, the nurse notices white patches in the patient's mouth. What is a possible explanation for these findings? A. The patient has been consuming hot beverages after the use of the inhaler. B. The patient has limited his fluid intake, resulting in dry mouth. C. The residue of the inhaler propellant is coating the inside of the mouth. D. The patient has developed thrush as a result of the fluticasone. A 65-year-old patient is prescribed ipratropium (Atrovent) for the treatment of asthma. Which condition should be reported to the healthcare provider before giving this patient the ipratropium? A. A reported allergy to peanuts B. A history of intolerance to albuterol (Proventil) C. A history of bronchospasms D. A reported allergy to chocolate A patient who received a prescription for montelukast (Singulair) returns to his provider's office after 3 days, complaining that "the drug is not working." She reports mild but continued dyspnea and has had to maintain consistent use of her bronchodilator inhaler, albuterol (Proventil). What does the nurse suspect is the cause of the failure of the montelukast? A. The patient is not taking the drug correctly. B. The patient is not responding to the drug and will need to be switched to another formulation. C. The drug has not had sufficient time of use to have full effects. D. The albuterol inhaler is interacting with the montelukast. Vilanterol and fluticasone (Breo Ellipta) has been ordered for a patient with COPD. Because of the combination of drugs, what adverse effects may be expected? (Select all that apply). A. Sedation and drowsiness B. Tremor and nervousness C. Hypotension D. Dry mouth and hoarseness E. Oropharyngeal candidiasis and increased risk of infections A woman reports using OTC aluminum hydroxide (AlternaGEL) for relief of gastric upset. She is on renal dialysis three times a week. What should the nurse teach this patient? A. Continue using the antacids but if she needs to continue them beyond a few months, she should consult the healthcare provider about different therapies. B. Take the antacid no longer than for 2 weeks; if it has not worked by then, it will not be effective. C. Consult with the healthcare provider about the appropriate amount and type of antacid. D. Continue to take the antacid; it is OTC and safe. The nurse is assisting the older adult diagnosed with a gastric ulcer to schedule her medication administration. What would be the most appropriate time for this patient to take her lansoprazole (Prevacid)? A. About 30 minutes before her morning meal B. At night before bed C. After fasting at least 2 hours D. 30 minutes after each meal Simethicone (Gas-X, Mylicon) may be added to some medications or given plain for what therapeutic effect? A. Decrease the amount of gas associated with GI disorders. B. Increase the acid-fighting ability of some medications. C. Prevent constipation associated with GI drugs. D. Prevent diarrhea associated with GI drugs. The nurse is caring for a patient with gastroesophageal reflux disease and would question an order for which of the following? A. Amoxicillin (Amoxil) B. Famotidine (Pepcid AC) C. Pantoprazole (Protonix) D. Calcium carbonate (Tums) A 35-year-old man has been prescribed omeprazole (Prilosec) for treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Which assessment findings would assist the nurse to determine whether drug therapy has been effective? (Select all that apply.) A. Decreased "gnawing" upper abdominal pain on an empty stomach B. Decreased belching C. Decreased appetite D. Decreased nausea E. Decreased dysphagia In taking a new patient's history, the nurse notices that he has been taking omeprazole (Prilosec) consistently over the past 6 months for treatment of epigastric pain. Which recommendation would be the best for the nurse to give this patient? A. Try switching to a different form of the drug. B. Try a drug like cimetidine (Tagamet) or famotidine (Pepcid). C. Try taking the drug after meals instead of before meals. D. Check with his healthcare provider about his continued discomfort. A patient with constipation is prescribed psyllium (Metamucil) by his healthcare provider. What essential teaching will the nurse give to the patient? A. Take the drug with meals and at bedtime. B. Take the drug with minimal water so that it will not be diluted in the GI tract. C. Avoid caffeine and chocolate while taking this drug. D. Mix the product in a full glass of water and drink another glassful after taking the drug. A patient with severe diarrhea has an order for diphenoxylate with atropine (Lomotil). When assessing for therapeutic effects, what will the nurse expect to find? A. Increased bowel sounds B. Decreased belching and flatus C. Decrease in loose, watery stools D. Decreased abdominal cramping A 24-years-old patient has been taking sulfasalazine (Azulfidine) for irritable bowel syndrome and complains to the nurse that he wants to stop taking the drug because of the nausea, headaches, and abdominal pain it causes. What would the nurse's best recommendation be for this patient? A. The drug is absolutely necessary, even with the adverse effects. B. Talk to the healthcare provider about dividing the doses throughout the day. C. Stop taking the drug and see if the symptoms of the irritable bowel syndrome have resolved. D. Take an antidiarrheal drug such as loperamide (Imodium) along with sulfasalazine. The nurse is preparing to administer chemotherapy to an oncology patient who also has an order for ondansetron (Zofran). When should the nurse administer the ondansetron? A. Every time the patient complains of nausea B. Just prior to starting the chemotherapy C. Only if the patient complains of nausea D. When the patient begins to experience vomiting during the chemotherapy Pancrelipase (Pancreaze) granules are ordered for a patient. Which action will the nurse complete before administering the drug? (Select all that apply.) A. Sprinkle the granules on a nonacidic food. B. Give the granules with or just before a meal.