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1. Symptoms of Vitamin A defi- night blindness, failure to grow (children), infection/sickness
ciency Compromise growth, reproduction, immune system, and ep-
ithelial tissue
Hair loss, skin irritation, bone pain, liver damage, birth defects
2. Main function of vitamin A Vision and immunity
3. Vitamin A deficiency diseases Significant risk factor for mortality from measles and diarrhea
Xerophthalmia (ocular diseases)
Bitots spots
Corneal xerosis
Ulceration
Keratomalacia
4. Vitamin A benefits Healthy vision, skin, bones, teeth, and reproduction
5. Chemical name of vitamin A Retinol
6. Foods containing vitamin a Liver, eggs, fish, milk, carrots, sweet potato, pumpkin, and
spinach
7. Vitamin K deficiency symp- Bleeding tendencies, poor bone growth
toms
8. Vitamin K deficiency diseases Hemorrhagic disease, defective blood clotting
9. Vitamin K special considera- Do not take with blood thinner medications (warfarin)
tions
10. Vitamin K benefits Blood clotting, blood calcium regulation, and bone develop-
ment
11. Who is susceptible to vitamin People with severe malabsorption disorders such as Crohn's
K deficiency? disease or who receive chronic treatment with antibiotics
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12. Vitamin K foods Broccoli, Brussels sprouts, liver, and leafy greens.
13. Vitamin D deficiency dis- rickets and growth retardation in children and osteomalacia in
eases adults
14. vitamin D foods egg yolk, fatty fish, liver, sunlight
15. Vitamin D deficiency symp- Frequent illness, fatigue, bone pain, impaired wound healing,
toms bone loss, hair loss, muscle pain
16. Vitamin D benefits strengthens and helps form bones and teeth via calcium and
phosphorus. Helps with immune function, neuromuscular func-
tion, cell function (proliferation, ditterentiation, and apoptosis)
17. Critical function of vitamin D Cell homeostasis
18. Phosphorus benefits Used in all cell function - more than any other mineral
Bone and tooth formation
Energy metabolism
Acid base balance
19. Phosphorus deficiency Rare - weakness, loss of appetite, fatigue, pain, and bone loss
over time.
The only evidence of deficiency is in people who consume large
amounts of antacids consistently that contain aluminum hydrox-
ide.
20. Phosphorus foods Fish, poultry, eggs, leafy greens, avocado, oats, legumes
21. riboflavin rich foods Cereal, almonds, beef liver, chicken liver, soybeans, milk, yogurt
22. What is a pro-vitamin? A substance that an organism can transform into a vitamin
23. What is a vitamin?
, A compound which an organism requires, but is unable to
synthesize in suflcient quantities, so must obtain through its
diet.
24. What is an organic com- A compound that contains carbon
pound? Vitamins are organic compounds that are needed in small quan-
tities
25. Vitamin E benefits Antioxidant, helps stabilize cell membranes
Immune function
Reproduction
26. Vitamin E deficiency hemolytic anemia in premature infants
RBC membrane are susceptible to oxidation and destruction -
leading to hemolytic anemia
Rare
Disruption of synthesis of myelin covering spinal cord fibers
(physical activity) and retina of eye (vision)
27. Vitamin E foods Oils, seeds, nuts, whole grain, tofu, avocado
28. Vitamin C benefits Antioxidant
cofactor of enzymes
Metabolic and immunologic activities
Helps make new cells
Collagen synthesis for new tissue
29. Vitamin C deficiency Scurvy, tissue bleeding, susceptible to bone fracture, poor
wound healing, bleeding gums, and tooth loss
30. Vitamin C foods Citrus fruits, bell peppers, kiwis, berries, broccoli, tomato juice,
green and yellow vegetables, spinach
31. Critical function of vitamin C Antioxidant
, 32. What is a micronutrient? A nutrient that is still essential but does not provide the body
with energy. Needed in smaller amounts.
33. What is a catalyst? A substance that increases the rate at which a specific chemical
reaction proceeds but is not itself consumed during the reac-
tion.
Example: enzymes
34. Risk for dehydration infants and elderly
UTIs
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Diabetes
Impaired swallowing
Extreme weakness
Disorientation
Coma
Hemorrhage
Sweating
Excessive wound drainage
Diuretic therapy
35. Diabetes and water require- More water to help regulate blood glucose levels
ments
36. symptom of dehydration Thirst
Poor skin turgor
Weight loss
Weakness
Dizziness
Postural hypotension
Decreased urine output