Professional Nursing Final Exam
1. WEEK 1
What are the characteristics of a profession < Correct > • Education takes place in a
college or university.
• Education is prolonged
• Work involves mental creativity
• Decision making is based largely on evidence-based practice.
• Values, beliefs and ethics are an integral part of preparation.
• Commitment and personal identification are strong.
• Workers are autonomous.
• People are unlikely to change professions.
• Commitment transcends material reward.
• Accountability rests with individual.
2. How are professions different than occupations?
The following are characteristics of an occupation that may be directly compared to
the previous list < Correct > • Training is usually on the job.
• Length of training varies.
• Work is largely manual.
• Decision making is largely guided by experience or trial by error.
• Values, belief and ethics are not prominent.
• Commitment and personal identification vary.
• Workers are supervised.
• People often change jobs.
• Material reward is main motivation.
,• Accountability rests primarily with employer.
3. What is nursing's social contract < Correct > Social contracts are the mechanisms
by which society legitimizes professions and grants them authority and autonomy to carry
out their functions. The nursing profession is urrently renegotiating its contract with society
in a manner which clearly reflects a change from physician dominance, and emphasis on
'illness care' to increased independent and autonomous func- tioning within a newly
developing framework of nursing science which emphasizes 'health care'.
- Nurses relationship with society and nurse's obligation to those who receive professional
nursing care.
4. What is the role of the American Nurses Association in advancing the profession's
objectives < Correct > ANA is the official voice of nursing and therefore is the
primary advocate for nursing interests in general. ANA encourages and supports high
standards of practice.
5. What are the main recommendations of the IOM Report on the Future of Nursing
in terms of the educational composition of the nurse workforce < Correct > Re-
,move scope of practice barriers - Advanced practice registered nurses should be able to
practice to the full extent of their education and training.
6. : Expand opportunities for nurses to lead and diffuse collaborative improvement efforts
- Expand opportunities for nurses to lead and manage collaborative efforts with physicians
and other members of the health care team to conduct research and to redesign and improve
practice environments and health systems.
7. : Implement nurse residency programs - Completion of a transition-to-practice program
(nurse residency) after completion of a prelicensure or advanced practice degree program
or when they are transitioning into new clinical practice areas.
8. : Increase proportion of nurses with BSN from 50% to 80% by 2020 - Increase the
diversity of students to create a workforce prepared to meet the demands of diverse
populations across the lifespan.
9. : Double number of nurses with doctorate by 2020 - This will add to the cadre of nurse
faculty and researchers, with attention to increasing diversity.
10. : Ensure that nurses engage in lifelong learning - Ensure that nurses and nursing students
and faculty continue their education and engage in lifelong learning to gain the
competencies needed to provide care for diverse populations across the lifespan.
11. : Prepare and enable nurses to lead change to advance health - Prepare the nursing
workforce to assume leadership positions across all levels.
12. : Build an infrastructure for the collection and analysis of inter-professional health care
workforce data - Effort to improve research and the collection and analysis of data on
health care workforce requirements.
13. WEEK 2
What are the differences between for-profit, not-for-profit and government
ownership of hospitals and other delivery organizations < Correct > Not-for-profit
, agency is one that uses profits to pay personnel, improve services, advertise services,
provide educational programs, or otherwise contribute to the mission of the agency. For-
profit agencies distribute profits earned to partners or shareholders. Voluntary (private)
agency gets its support generally through private donations. Non-govern- mental
organization (NGO) is an association of citizens that operates independently of the
government with the goal to deliver resources or serve a social or political purpose
(example: MSF). Governmental (public) agencies contribute to the health and well-being
of US citizens. Primarily supported by taxes, administered by elected or appointed officials,
and tailored to the needs of the public.
14. What is the role of safety net hospitals in the United States < Correct > A safety
net hospital or health system provides a significant level of care to low- income,
uninsured, and vulnerable populations. Safety net hospitals are not necessarily
distinguished from other providers by ownership - some are publicly owned and
1. WEEK 1
What are the characteristics of a profession < Correct > • Education takes place in a
college or university.
• Education is prolonged
• Work involves mental creativity
• Decision making is based largely on evidence-based practice.
• Values, beliefs and ethics are an integral part of preparation.
• Commitment and personal identification are strong.
• Workers are autonomous.
• People are unlikely to change professions.
• Commitment transcends material reward.
• Accountability rests with individual.
2. How are professions different than occupations?
The following are characteristics of an occupation that may be directly compared to
the previous list < Correct > • Training is usually on the job.
• Length of training varies.
• Work is largely manual.
• Decision making is largely guided by experience or trial by error.
• Values, belief and ethics are not prominent.
• Commitment and personal identification vary.
• Workers are supervised.
• People often change jobs.
• Material reward is main motivation.
,• Accountability rests primarily with employer.
3. What is nursing's social contract < Correct > Social contracts are the mechanisms
by which society legitimizes professions and grants them authority and autonomy to carry
out their functions. The nursing profession is urrently renegotiating its contract with society
in a manner which clearly reflects a change from physician dominance, and emphasis on
'illness care' to increased independent and autonomous func- tioning within a newly
developing framework of nursing science which emphasizes 'health care'.
- Nurses relationship with society and nurse's obligation to those who receive professional
nursing care.
4. What is the role of the American Nurses Association in advancing the profession's
objectives < Correct > ANA is the official voice of nursing and therefore is the
primary advocate for nursing interests in general. ANA encourages and supports high
standards of practice.
5. What are the main recommendations of the IOM Report on the Future of Nursing
in terms of the educational composition of the nurse workforce < Correct > Re-
,move scope of practice barriers - Advanced practice registered nurses should be able to
practice to the full extent of their education and training.
6. : Expand opportunities for nurses to lead and diffuse collaborative improvement efforts
- Expand opportunities for nurses to lead and manage collaborative efforts with physicians
and other members of the health care team to conduct research and to redesign and improve
practice environments and health systems.
7. : Implement nurse residency programs - Completion of a transition-to-practice program
(nurse residency) after completion of a prelicensure or advanced practice degree program
or when they are transitioning into new clinical practice areas.
8. : Increase proportion of nurses with BSN from 50% to 80% by 2020 - Increase the
diversity of students to create a workforce prepared to meet the demands of diverse
populations across the lifespan.
9. : Double number of nurses with doctorate by 2020 - This will add to the cadre of nurse
faculty and researchers, with attention to increasing diversity.
10. : Ensure that nurses engage in lifelong learning - Ensure that nurses and nursing students
and faculty continue their education and engage in lifelong learning to gain the
competencies needed to provide care for diverse populations across the lifespan.
11. : Prepare and enable nurses to lead change to advance health - Prepare the nursing
workforce to assume leadership positions across all levels.
12. : Build an infrastructure for the collection and analysis of inter-professional health care
workforce data - Effort to improve research and the collection and analysis of data on
health care workforce requirements.
13. WEEK 2
What are the differences between for-profit, not-for-profit and government
ownership of hospitals and other delivery organizations < Correct > Not-for-profit
, agency is one that uses profits to pay personnel, improve services, advertise services,
provide educational programs, or otherwise contribute to the mission of the agency. For-
profit agencies distribute profits earned to partners or shareholders. Voluntary (private)
agency gets its support generally through private donations. Non-govern- mental
organization (NGO) is an association of citizens that operates independently of the
government with the goal to deliver resources or serve a social or political purpose
(example: MSF). Governmental (public) agencies contribute to the health and well-being
of US citizens. Primarily supported by taxes, administered by elected or appointed officials,
and tailored to the needs of the public.
14. What is the role of safety net hospitals in the United States < Correct > A safety
net hospital or health system provides a significant level of care to low- income,
uninsured, and vulnerable populations. Safety net hospitals are not necessarily
distinguished from other providers by ownership - some are publicly owned and
