UST ABSN Pathopharmacology 1 EXAM
Questions and answers 2025
A ,drug ,is ,any ,chemical ,that ,can ,affect ,living ,processes ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-
How ,do ,you ,define ,the ,word ,drug?
Pharmacology ,can ,be ,defined ,as ,the ,study ,of ,drugs ,and ,their ,interaction ,with
,living ,things ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Define ,pharmacology
study ,of ,effect ,of ,drugs ,in ,man ,(as ,compared ,to ,animals ,or ,comparative
,pharmacology ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Define ,clinical ,pharmacology
also ,known ,as ,therapeutics, ,pharmacotherapeutics ,emphasizes ,the ,disease
,state ,and ,its ,characteristics ,including ,therapy ,for ,and ,use ,of ,drugs ,in
,prevention ,and ,treatment ,of ,condition ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-what ,are
,pharmacotherapeutics?
Drugs ,used ,to ,destroy ,or ,eliminate ,pathogenic ,cells ,or ,organisms. ,The ,term ,is
,usually ,restricted ,to ,anti-infectives ,and ,cancer ,chemotherapy. ,- ,CORRECT
,ANSWER-what ,are ,chemotherapeutic ,agents?
Toxicology ,deals ,with ,the ,effects ,of ,drugs. ,Toxicity ,is ,measured ,through ,the
,Therapeutic ,Index. ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-what ,is ,toxicology ,and ,how ,do ,we
,measure ,a ,drugs ,toxicity?
therapeutic ,index ,is ,a ,ratio ,that ,measures ,toxicity. ,The ,ratio ,is ,found ,by ,putting
,the ,dose ,*capable ,of ,killing ,50% ,of ,animals ,(LD50) ,over ,than ,required ,to
,acheive ,a ,beneficial ,effect ,in ,50% ,of ,animals ,(ED50). ,
,In ,clinical ,practice ,the ,THERAPEUTIC ,INDEX ,is ,described ,as ,the ,ratio ,of ,the
,dose ,that ,causes ,toxicity ,over ,the ,dose ,that ,provides ,therapeutic ,effect. ,-
,CORRECT ,ANSWER-What ,is ,the ,therapeutic ,index?
Tolerance ,is ,the ,hyporeactivity ,that ,occurring ,from ,chronic ,exposure ,to ,a ,drug.
,Achievement ,of ,the ,same ,effects ,of ,the ,drug ,requires ,larger ,and ,larger ,doses. ,-
,CORRECT ,ANSWER-what ,is ,tolerance?
Cross ,tolerance ,may ,happen ,when ,tolerance ,occurs ,across ,drugs ,of ,the ,same
,class ,or ,across ,drugs ,that ,have ,the ,same ,pharmacological ,effects ,- ,CORRECT
,ANSWER-What ,is ,cross ,tolerance ,and ,how ,does ,it ,occur?
Tolerance ,to ,opioids, ,barbiturates, ,and ,alcohol ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-what ,are
,some ,examples ,of ,neurological ,adaptation/ ,cellular ,tolerance ,to ,drugs?
metabolic ,drug ,tolerance ,occurs ,when ,the ,body ,has ,an ,increased ,rate ,of
,elimination ,of ,the ,drug. ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-What ,is ,metabolic ,drug
,tolerance?
enzyme ,induction ,which ,occurs ,when ,there ,is ,an ,increased ,activity ,of ,enzymes
,(the ,drug ,transport ,system) ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-what ,is ,the ,most ,common
,form ,of ,metabolic ,tolerance?
pharmacodynamic ,processes ,determine ,the ,nature ,and ,intensity ,of ,the
,response. ,It ,is ,essentially ,the ,effect ,of ,the ,drug ,ON ,the ,body.
EX: ,Target ,Organ, ,receptors, ,proteins, ,physiological ,effect ,etc. ,- ,CORRECT
,ANSWER-What ,is ,pharmacodynamics?
Pharmacokinetic ,processes ,determine ,how ,much ,of ,an ,admin- ,istered ,dose
,gets ,to ,its ,sites ,of ,action. ,There ,are ,four ,major ,pharmacokinetic ,processes: ,(1)
,drug ,absorption, ,(2) ,drug ,distribution, ,(3) ,drug ,metabolism, ,and ,(4) ,drug
,excretion. ,*These ,processes ,can ,be ,thought ,of ,as ,the ,impact ,of ,the ,body ,on
,drugs* ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-What ,is ,pharmacokinetics?
, what ,are ,the ,four ,major ,pharmacokinetic ,processes?
Down ,regulation ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-what ,type ,of ,tolerance ,occurs ,when
,there ,is ,a ,decrease ,in ,the ,number, ,or ,decrease ,in ,the ,sensitivity, ,of ,receptor
,sites?
betablockers ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-what ,kind ,of ,drugs ,block ,receptors?
Betablockers ,block ,receptors ,resulting ,in ,increased ,the ,sensitivity ,of ,receptors.
,This ,is ,known ,as ,Up ,Regulation ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-The ,use ,of ,betablockers
,can ,also ,cause ,a ,change ,in ,the ,sensitivity ,of ,receptors. ,What ,is ,this ,caused
,and ,how ,does ,it ,occur?
Tachyphylaxis ,is ,a ,tolerance ,that ,develops ,acutely ,with ,only ,a ,few ,doses ,of ,a
,drug ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Define ,the ,term ,tachyphylaxis?
Idiosyncrasy ,describes ,an ,unexpected, ,abnormal, ,or ,peculiar ,reaction ,to ,a ,drug.
,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-what ,is ,idiosyncrasy?
no, ,adverse ,effects ,can ,occur ,regardless ,of ,the ,dosage ,level ,- ,CORRECT
,ANSWER-Is ,dosing ,a ,factor ,in ,patients ,that ,experience ,idiosyncrasy?
side ,effect ,describes ,any ,action ,of ,the ,drug ,other ,than ,the ,intended ,therapeutic
,effects.
sometimes ,side ,effect, ,adverse ,effect, ,and ,untoward ,effect ,are ,used
,synonymously ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-what ,is ,a ,Side ,effect? ,synonyms ,for ,side
,effect ,that ,are ,commonly ,used ,in ,practice?
Toxic ,effects ,(usually ,expected ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-define ,a ,toxic ,effect?
The ,world ,health ,organization ,defines ,Adverse ,reaction ,as ,any ,noxious,
,unintended ,and ,undesired ,effect ,that ,occurs ,as ,NORMAL ,drug ,dose ,-
,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Define ,adverse ,reaction
Questions and answers 2025
A ,drug ,is ,any ,chemical ,that ,can ,affect ,living ,processes ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-
How ,do ,you ,define ,the ,word ,drug?
Pharmacology ,can ,be ,defined ,as ,the ,study ,of ,drugs ,and ,their ,interaction ,with
,living ,things ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Define ,pharmacology
study ,of ,effect ,of ,drugs ,in ,man ,(as ,compared ,to ,animals ,or ,comparative
,pharmacology ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Define ,clinical ,pharmacology
also ,known ,as ,therapeutics, ,pharmacotherapeutics ,emphasizes ,the ,disease
,state ,and ,its ,characteristics ,including ,therapy ,for ,and ,use ,of ,drugs ,in
,prevention ,and ,treatment ,of ,condition ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-what ,are
,pharmacotherapeutics?
Drugs ,used ,to ,destroy ,or ,eliminate ,pathogenic ,cells ,or ,organisms. ,The ,term ,is
,usually ,restricted ,to ,anti-infectives ,and ,cancer ,chemotherapy. ,- ,CORRECT
,ANSWER-what ,are ,chemotherapeutic ,agents?
Toxicology ,deals ,with ,the ,effects ,of ,drugs. ,Toxicity ,is ,measured ,through ,the
,Therapeutic ,Index. ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-what ,is ,toxicology ,and ,how ,do ,we
,measure ,a ,drugs ,toxicity?
therapeutic ,index ,is ,a ,ratio ,that ,measures ,toxicity. ,The ,ratio ,is ,found ,by ,putting
,the ,dose ,*capable ,of ,killing ,50% ,of ,animals ,(LD50) ,over ,than ,required ,to
,acheive ,a ,beneficial ,effect ,in ,50% ,of ,animals ,(ED50). ,
,In ,clinical ,practice ,the ,THERAPEUTIC ,INDEX ,is ,described ,as ,the ,ratio ,of ,the
,dose ,that ,causes ,toxicity ,over ,the ,dose ,that ,provides ,therapeutic ,effect. ,-
,CORRECT ,ANSWER-What ,is ,the ,therapeutic ,index?
Tolerance ,is ,the ,hyporeactivity ,that ,occurring ,from ,chronic ,exposure ,to ,a ,drug.
,Achievement ,of ,the ,same ,effects ,of ,the ,drug ,requires ,larger ,and ,larger ,doses. ,-
,CORRECT ,ANSWER-what ,is ,tolerance?
Cross ,tolerance ,may ,happen ,when ,tolerance ,occurs ,across ,drugs ,of ,the ,same
,class ,or ,across ,drugs ,that ,have ,the ,same ,pharmacological ,effects ,- ,CORRECT
,ANSWER-What ,is ,cross ,tolerance ,and ,how ,does ,it ,occur?
Tolerance ,to ,opioids, ,barbiturates, ,and ,alcohol ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-what ,are
,some ,examples ,of ,neurological ,adaptation/ ,cellular ,tolerance ,to ,drugs?
metabolic ,drug ,tolerance ,occurs ,when ,the ,body ,has ,an ,increased ,rate ,of
,elimination ,of ,the ,drug. ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-What ,is ,metabolic ,drug
,tolerance?
enzyme ,induction ,which ,occurs ,when ,there ,is ,an ,increased ,activity ,of ,enzymes
,(the ,drug ,transport ,system) ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-what ,is ,the ,most ,common
,form ,of ,metabolic ,tolerance?
pharmacodynamic ,processes ,determine ,the ,nature ,and ,intensity ,of ,the
,response. ,It ,is ,essentially ,the ,effect ,of ,the ,drug ,ON ,the ,body.
EX: ,Target ,Organ, ,receptors, ,proteins, ,physiological ,effect ,etc. ,- ,CORRECT
,ANSWER-What ,is ,pharmacodynamics?
Pharmacokinetic ,processes ,determine ,how ,much ,of ,an ,admin- ,istered ,dose
,gets ,to ,its ,sites ,of ,action. ,There ,are ,four ,major ,pharmacokinetic ,processes: ,(1)
,drug ,absorption, ,(2) ,drug ,distribution, ,(3) ,drug ,metabolism, ,and ,(4) ,drug
,excretion. ,*These ,processes ,can ,be ,thought ,of ,as ,the ,impact ,of ,the ,body ,on
,drugs* ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-What ,is ,pharmacokinetics?
, what ,are ,the ,four ,major ,pharmacokinetic ,processes?
Down ,regulation ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-what ,type ,of ,tolerance ,occurs ,when
,there ,is ,a ,decrease ,in ,the ,number, ,or ,decrease ,in ,the ,sensitivity, ,of ,receptor
,sites?
betablockers ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-what ,kind ,of ,drugs ,block ,receptors?
Betablockers ,block ,receptors ,resulting ,in ,increased ,the ,sensitivity ,of ,receptors.
,This ,is ,known ,as ,Up ,Regulation ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-The ,use ,of ,betablockers
,can ,also ,cause ,a ,change ,in ,the ,sensitivity ,of ,receptors. ,What ,is ,this ,caused
,and ,how ,does ,it ,occur?
Tachyphylaxis ,is ,a ,tolerance ,that ,develops ,acutely ,with ,only ,a ,few ,doses ,of ,a
,drug ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Define ,the ,term ,tachyphylaxis?
Idiosyncrasy ,describes ,an ,unexpected, ,abnormal, ,or ,peculiar ,reaction ,to ,a ,drug.
,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-what ,is ,idiosyncrasy?
no, ,adverse ,effects ,can ,occur ,regardless ,of ,the ,dosage ,level ,- ,CORRECT
,ANSWER-Is ,dosing ,a ,factor ,in ,patients ,that ,experience ,idiosyncrasy?
side ,effect ,describes ,any ,action ,of ,the ,drug ,other ,than ,the ,intended ,therapeutic
,effects.
sometimes ,side ,effect, ,adverse ,effect, ,and ,untoward ,effect ,are ,used
,synonymously ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-what ,is ,a ,Side ,effect? ,synonyms ,for ,side
,effect ,that ,are ,commonly ,used ,in ,practice?
Toxic ,effects ,(usually ,expected ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-define ,a ,toxic ,effect?
The ,world ,health ,organization ,defines ,Adverse ,reaction ,as ,any ,noxious,
,unintended ,and ,undesired ,effect ,that ,occurs ,as ,NORMAL ,drug ,dose ,-
,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Define ,adverse ,reaction
