ATDH Exam Study Material UPDATED
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Cell membrane - CORRECT ANSWER - Hold cellular components and are mainly
composed of phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins
Organelles - CORRECT ANSWER - Cellular compartments enclosed by phospholipids
bilateral (membrane bound)
Are located within the cytosol (aqueous intracellular fluid) and help make up the cytoplasm
Only eukaryotes contain membrane-bound organelles
Nucleoid - CORRECT ANSWER - Where prokaryotes keep their genetic material
Nucleus - CORRECT ANSWER - Primarily functions to protect and house DNA
DNA replication and translation occurs here
Nucleoplasm - CORRECT ANSWER - Cytoplasm of the nucleus
Nuclear envelope - CORRECT ANSWER - Membrane of the nucleus
Contains two phospholipid bilayers with a perinuclear space in the middle
Nuclear pores - CORRECT ANSWER - Holes in the nuclear envelope that allow
molecules to travel in and out of the nucleus
Nuclear lamina - CORRECT ANSWER - Provides structural support to the nucleus, as
well as regulating DNA and cell division
,Nucleolus - CORRECT ANSWER - Dense area that is responsible for making rRNA and
producing ribosomal subunits
Ribosomes - CORRECT ANSWER - Work as small factories that carry out translation
Composed of ribosomal subunits
Rough er - CORRECT ANSWER - Continuous with the outer membrane of the nuclear
envelope and is "rough" because it has ribosomes embedded in it
Lumen - CORRECT ANSWER - Inside of the rough er
Smooth er - CORRECT ANSWER - Not continuous with other membranes
Main function is to synthesize lipids, produce steroid hormones, and detoxify cells
Golgi apparatus - CORRECT ANSWER - Made up of cisternae (flattened sacs) that
modify and package substances
Lysosomes - CORRECT ANSWER - Membrane-bound organelles that break down
substances (through hydrolysis) taken in through endocytosis
Transport vacuoles - CORRECT ANSWER - transport materials between organelles
Food vacuoles - CORRECT ANSWER - temporarily hold endocytosed food and later fuse
with lysosomes
Central vaacuoles - CORRECT ANSWER - Very large in plants and have specialized
membrane called the tonoplast
Function in storage and material breakdown
, Storage vacuoles - CORRECT ANSWER - store starches, pigments, and toxic substances
Contractile vacuoles - CORRECT ANSWER - Found in single-called organisms and
works to actively pump out excess water
Endomembrane system - CORRECT ANSWER - Group of organelles and membranes that
work together to modify, package, and transport proteins and lipids that are entering or exiting a
cell
Includes the nucleus, rough and smooth ERs, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, and cell
membrane
Peroxisomes - CORRECT ANSWER - Perform hydrolysis, break down stored fatty acids,
and help with detoxification
Mitochondria - CORRECT ANSWER - Powerhouse of the cell
Produces ATP for energy use through cellular respiration
Chloroplasts - CORRECT ANSWER - Found in plants and some protists
Carry out photosynthesis
Centrosomes - CORRECT ANSWER - Organelles found in animal cells containing a pair
of centrioles
Cytoskeleton - CORRECT ANSWER - Provides structure and function within the
cytoplasm
Microfilaments - CORRECT ANSWER - Smallest structure of the cytoskeleton, and are
composed of a double helix made of two actin filaments
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Cell membrane - CORRECT ANSWER - Hold cellular components and are mainly
composed of phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins
Organelles - CORRECT ANSWER - Cellular compartments enclosed by phospholipids
bilateral (membrane bound)
Are located within the cytosol (aqueous intracellular fluid) and help make up the cytoplasm
Only eukaryotes contain membrane-bound organelles
Nucleoid - CORRECT ANSWER - Where prokaryotes keep their genetic material
Nucleus - CORRECT ANSWER - Primarily functions to protect and house DNA
DNA replication and translation occurs here
Nucleoplasm - CORRECT ANSWER - Cytoplasm of the nucleus
Nuclear envelope - CORRECT ANSWER - Membrane of the nucleus
Contains two phospholipid bilayers with a perinuclear space in the middle
Nuclear pores - CORRECT ANSWER - Holes in the nuclear envelope that allow
molecules to travel in and out of the nucleus
Nuclear lamina - CORRECT ANSWER - Provides structural support to the nucleus, as
well as regulating DNA and cell division
,Nucleolus - CORRECT ANSWER - Dense area that is responsible for making rRNA and
producing ribosomal subunits
Ribosomes - CORRECT ANSWER - Work as small factories that carry out translation
Composed of ribosomal subunits
Rough er - CORRECT ANSWER - Continuous with the outer membrane of the nuclear
envelope and is "rough" because it has ribosomes embedded in it
Lumen - CORRECT ANSWER - Inside of the rough er
Smooth er - CORRECT ANSWER - Not continuous with other membranes
Main function is to synthesize lipids, produce steroid hormones, and detoxify cells
Golgi apparatus - CORRECT ANSWER - Made up of cisternae (flattened sacs) that
modify and package substances
Lysosomes - CORRECT ANSWER - Membrane-bound organelles that break down
substances (through hydrolysis) taken in through endocytosis
Transport vacuoles - CORRECT ANSWER - transport materials between organelles
Food vacuoles - CORRECT ANSWER - temporarily hold endocytosed food and later fuse
with lysosomes
Central vaacuoles - CORRECT ANSWER - Very large in plants and have specialized
membrane called the tonoplast
Function in storage and material breakdown
, Storage vacuoles - CORRECT ANSWER - store starches, pigments, and toxic substances
Contractile vacuoles - CORRECT ANSWER - Found in single-called organisms and
works to actively pump out excess water
Endomembrane system - CORRECT ANSWER - Group of organelles and membranes that
work together to modify, package, and transport proteins and lipids that are entering or exiting a
cell
Includes the nucleus, rough and smooth ERs, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, and cell
membrane
Peroxisomes - CORRECT ANSWER - Perform hydrolysis, break down stored fatty acids,
and help with detoxification
Mitochondria - CORRECT ANSWER - Powerhouse of the cell
Produces ATP for energy use through cellular respiration
Chloroplasts - CORRECT ANSWER - Found in plants and some protists
Carry out photosynthesis
Centrosomes - CORRECT ANSWER - Organelles found in animal cells containing a pair
of centrioles
Cytoskeleton - CORRECT ANSWER - Provides structure and function within the
cytoplasm
Microfilaments - CORRECT ANSWER - Smallest structure of the cytoskeleton, and are
composed of a double helix made of two actin filaments
