NR 565F FINAL EXAM|| F ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY FUNDAMENTALS FINAL EXAM ALL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS || LATEST AND FULL COVERED VERSION || ASSURED PASS!!!

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NR 565 FINAL EXAM|| ADVANCED PHARMACOLOG
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Y FUNDAMENTALS FINAL EXAM ALL QUESTIONS
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AND CORRECT ANSWERS || LATEST AND FULL CO
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VERED VERSION 2024-2025|| ASSURED PASS!!! F F F F




What labs are used to diagnose Thyroid dysfunction? -
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ANSWER: TSH, free T3, total T3, free T4 and total T4.
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Thyroid function in hypothyroidism? -
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ANSWER: T3 and T4 are lower, TSH is higher.
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Thyroid function in hyperthyroidism? -
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ANSWER: TSH low, free T4 is normal and T3 is high.
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What is the timeframe for re-check of labs after starting Levothyroxine? -
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ANSWER: Check TSH 6-
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8 weeks after initiating therapy and after dosage changes. Check TSH annually once
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TSH is stablizied. F F




Signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism? -
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ANSWER: Pale, puffy, expressionless face, cold, dry skin, brittle hair, hair loss, lo
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w temperature/HR, lethargy, fatigue, constipation, weight gain, intolerance to cold,
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menstruation impairment, thyroid enlargement. F F F




Signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism? -
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FANSWER: Rapid strong heartbeat, dysrhythmias, angina, CNS stimulation, nervou
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sness, insomnia, rapid thought process, rapid speech, skeletal muscles weaken, atrop
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hy, metabolic rate increased, increased heat production, increased body temperature,
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Fincreased appetite, weight loss, exophthalmos.
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What is the treatment of thyroid storm? -
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FANSWER: High doses of potassium iodide or strong iodine solution, methimazole
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suppresses hormone synthesis, beta blockers reduce heart rate, sedation, cooling, an
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d giving glucocorticoids and IV fluids can also help.
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First line treatment for hypothyroidism? - ANSWER: Levothyroxine.
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First line treatment for hyperthyroidism? - ANSWER: Methimazole.
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Why does the FDA recommend against using PTU as first line treatment of Thyroid
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storm? - ANSWER: Hepatic toxicity.
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What can happen if hypothyroidism is not treated during pregnancy? -
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FANSWER: Permanent neuropsychological deficits in the child, congenital hypothy
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roidism, decreased IQ (mainly occurs during the 1st trimester and increases up to 50
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%).


What medication is used to treat symptoms associated with hyperthyroidism? -
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ANSWER: Beta blockers to suppress tachycardia.
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Medications that accelerate metabolism of Levothyroxine (may need to increase thei
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r levothyroxine dosage)? -
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FANSWER: phenytoin (Dilantin), carbamazepine (Tegretol, Carbatrol), rifampin (R
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ifadin), sertraline (Zoloft).
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Think about the CYP450 inducers that increase medication metabolism: CRAP GPS
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Medications that reduce Levothyroxine absorption? -
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FANSWER: Histamine 2 receptor blockers (cimetidine [Tagamet], PPIs (lansoprazo
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le [Prevacid], sucralfate [carafate], colestipol [colestid]), aluminum containing antac
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ids (Maalox, Mylanta), calcium supplements (Tums, Os-
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cal), iron supplements (ferrous sulfate), magnesium salts, Orlistat (Xenical).
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Medications whose metabolism is altered by Levothyroxine? -
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FANSWER: Warfarin (doses of medication may need to be reduced), catecholamine
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s, insulin, digoxin (may need to be increased).
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How to confirm a diagnosis of DM prior to beginning treatment? -
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ANSWER: Fasting plasma greater than or equal to 126 (on 2 occasions), random pl
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asma glucose greater than or equal to 200 plus symptoms of DM, oral glucose tolera
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nce test 2 hr. plasma glucose greater than or equal to 200, and hemoglobin A1C 6.5
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% or higher.
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General Goals and older adult goals for A1C? -
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ANSWER: General Goals: less than 7%
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Older Adult Goals: less than 8%
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When should insulin be considered in DM? -
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ANSWER: After the 3 drug combination is unsuccessful or patients who have A1C
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10% or greater, fasting glucose greater than 300 or are markedly symptomatic.
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What time interval should A1C be re-checked? - ANSWER: 3-6 months.
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MOA of insulin? - F F F


ANSWER: Anabolic, promotes energy conservation and storage of glycogen, cell
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growth, and division, and transport of glucose, amino acids, nucleotides, and potassi
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um. It stimulates the synthesis of complex organic molecules.
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What are the contraindications of Pioglitazone? -
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ANSWER: Avoid in those with CHF (causes water retention and edema), with or hi
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