COGS 100 || WITH ERRORLESS SOLUTIONS 100%.
Cybernetics correct answers The field of cybernetics weaves a trajectory from ancient Greece to
modern cognitive science,
and is responsible for many important advancements in the way we think about systems, the
brain and human intelligence.
Plato introduced cybernetics from the greek word "kybernetes" meaning and at its core has the
notion correct answers governor or steersman and its notion is "self-governance"
Cybernetics definition correct answers The scientific study of control and communication in the
animal and the machine
feedback control is usually correct answers continuous and involves taking measurements using
a sensor and making calculated adjustments to keep the measured variable with in a set range by
means of "final control element"
for a governor s the spindle increases correct answers the speed increases
for a governor as speed increases the balls correct answers go outward
governor decreases inlet steam when engine is running correct answers fast
governor increases inlet steam when engine is running correct answers slow
Feedback output effects correct answers the inputs
The engine speed affects the balls which affect the (IN the GOVERNOR) correct answers the
throttle which affects the engine speed
state correct answers the system has some method of representing its current and goal states
STATE in the governor example correct answers the fly balls represent the speed of the engine
the goal states are represented by how fast and how slow the fly balls can spin (goal is to stay
within these limits)
Control correct answers the system must be able to control the states which it is in
Example in governor for Control correct answers the stops above and below the fly ball
mechanism restrict it within its goal states
Homeostasis correct answers From greek words "same" and "steady" and refers to any process
that living things use to actively maintain fairly stable conditions necessary for survival
cybernetics have self regulating correct answers homeostatis
,Negative feedback is correct answers a central and cybernetic concept, referring to how an
organism or system automatically opposes ay change imposed upon it.
Human body aims to keep body temp at correct answers 98.6
Sweating brings body temperature correct answers down
reducing blood circulation to keep us correct answers warm
Similar to humans machines correct answers can exhibit homeostatic properties, similar to living
organisms
founding fathers of cybernetics. correct answers John von Neumann (physicist), Norbert Wiener,
Warren McCulloch, and Walter Pitts
Norbert weiner correct answers created automating aircraft missile system during ww2
information and messages are processed via feedback control mechanisms
the information is separable from the material itself
History of cybernetics correct answers They intended to construct a materialist and mechanistic
science of mental behavior that would make it possible at last to resolve the ancient
philosophical problem of mind and matter
In conceiving the human mind as functioning like a machine, they paved the way for the end of
behaviorism, and the beginning of thinking of the brain as an information processor - the
foundation of traditional cognitive sceince.
cybernetics also sowed the seeds for the next revolution in cognitive science correct answers
which is what this course is all about
Francisco Varela correct answers phd in biology under Torsten Wiesel (who along with David
Hubel had a
massive impact on our understanding of neural processing in the visual system)
Along with fellow Chilean biologist/philosopher, Humberto Maturana, developed a systems-
based scientific approach for describing the interrelationships and interdependence of
psychological, biological, physical, social, and cultural phenomena
He brought together the organism‐centered philosophy of his early work, with the complex
systems theory of his immunology period (which he now applied in the context of neuroscience)
and combined it with a concern for a practical and rigorous study of subjective and
intersubjective experience.
Francisco Valera's approach was called correct answers enactivism
Enactivism view correct answers takes into account the concrete living body, including its
material and thermodynamic properties, and the concrete lived body, including its first‐person
phenomenological or experiential properties
, Embodied Cognition correct answers cognition depends upon the kinds of experience that come
from having a body with various sensorimotor capacities, and second, that these individual
sensorimotor capacities are themselves embedded in a more encompassing biological,
psychological and cultural context
J. J. Gibson correct answers American psychologist who worked on visual perception
developing the theories of direct perception and
ecological optics.
coined the term "affordance"
Affordances in the environment are correct answers what it offers to the animal, what it provides
or furnishes either for good or ill
Function of perception for living creatures correct answers is not to describe some objective
external reality- the world as it really is
but to serve biological needs as established by natural evolution
Inverse Projection problem, correct answers Bottom up information is not enough to create 3 D
perception
J. J. Gibson's ecological approach correct answers Most studies are conducted in laboratory
settings, in which stationary stimuli were given.
• Perception is not a stationary experience.
• Perception should be studied as it occurs in the natural environment.
• In the natural world objects are in scenes - on the ground - never in true isolation
• And people / animals are doing things foraging, looking around, working on something
dynamic pattern called the
optic array correct answers The pattern of light reaching the
eye as we move around contains
all the information we need to
make sense of the world - for our
purposes
The optic array gives us
unambiguous information correct answers about the layout of objects in
space
We move around so that we
eliminate ambiguity. What we
pick up is a set of correct answers invariants
under transformation owing
to our motion
• We automatically extract
these invariants and correct answers - hook them
Cybernetics correct answers The field of cybernetics weaves a trajectory from ancient Greece to
modern cognitive science,
and is responsible for many important advancements in the way we think about systems, the
brain and human intelligence.
Plato introduced cybernetics from the greek word "kybernetes" meaning and at its core has the
notion correct answers governor or steersman and its notion is "self-governance"
Cybernetics definition correct answers The scientific study of control and communication in the
animal and the machine
feedback control is usually correct answers continuous and involves taking measurements using
a sensor and making calculated adjustments to keep the measured variable with in a set range by
means of "final control element"
for a governor s the spindle increases correct answers the speed increases
for a governor as speed increases the balls correct answers go outward
governor decreases inlet steam when engine is running correct answers fast
governor increases inlet steam when engine is running correct answers slow
Feedback output effects correct answers the inputs
The engine speed affects the balls which affect the (IN the GOVERNOR) correct answers the
throttle which affects the engine speed
state correct answers the system has some method of representing its current and goal states
STATE in the governor example correct answers the fly balls represent the speed of the engine
the goal states are represented by how fast and how slow the fly balls can spin (goal is to stay
within these limits)
Control correct answers the system must be able to control the states which it is in
Example in governor for Control correct answers the stops above and below the fly ball
mechanism restrict it within its goal states
Homeostasis correct answers From greek words "same" and "steady" and refers to any process
that living things use to actively maintain fairly stable conditions necessary for survival
cybernetics have self regulating correct answers homeostatis
,Negative feedback is correct answers a central and cybernetic concept, referring to how an
organism or system automatically opposes ay change imposed upon it.
Human body aims to keep body temp at correct answers 98.6
Sweating brings body temperature correct answers down
reducing blood circulation to keep us correct answers warm
Similar to humans machines correct answers can exhibit homeostatic properties, similar to living
organisms
founding fathers of cybernetics. correct answers John von Neumann (physicist), Norbert Wiener,
Warren McCulloch, and Walter Pitts
Norbert weiner correct answers created automating aircraft missile system during ww2
information and messages are processed via feedback control mechanisms
the information is separable from the material itself
History of cybernetics correct answers They intended to construct a materialist and mechanistic
science of mental behavior that would make it possible at last to resolve the ancient
philosophical problem of mind and matter
In conceiving the human mind as functioning like a machine, they paved the way for the end of
behaviorism, and the beginning of thinking of the brain as an information processor - the
foundation of traditional cognitive sceince.
cybernetics also sowed the seeds for the next revolution in cognitive science correct answers
which is what this course is all about
Francisco Varela correct answers phd in biology under Torsten Wiesel (who along with David
Hubel had a
massive impact on our understanding of neural processing in the visual system)
Along with fellow Chilean biologist/philosopher, Humberto Maturana, developed a systems-
based scientific approach for describing the interrelationships and interdependence of
psychological, biological, physical, social, and cultural phenomena
He brought together the organism‐centered philosophy of his early work, with the complex
systems theory of his immunology period (which he now applied in the context of neuroscience)
and combined it with a concern for a practical and rigorous study of subjective and
intersubjective experience.
Francisco Valera's approach was called correct answers enactivism
Enactivism view correct answers takes into account the concrete living body, including its
material and thermodynamic properties, and the concrete lived body, including its first‐person
phenomenological or experiential properties
, Embodied Cognition correct answers cognition depends upon the kinds of experience that come
from having a body with various sensorimotor capacities, and second, that these individual
sensorimotor capacities are themselves embedded in a more encompassing biological,
psychological and cultural context
J. J. Gibson correct answers American psychologist who worked on visual perception
developing the theories of direct perception and
ecological optics.
coined the term "affordance"
Affordances in the environment are correct answers what it offers to the animal, what it provides
or furnishes either for good or ill
Function of perception for living creatures correct answers is not to describe some objective
external reality- the world as it really is
but to serve biological needs as established by natural evolution
Inverse Projection problem, correct answers Bottom up information is not enough to create 3 D
perception
J. J. Gibson's ecological approach correct answers Most studies are conducted in laboratory
settings, in which stationary stimuli were given.
• Perception is not a stationary experience.
• Perception should be studied as it occurs in the natural environment.
• In the natural world objects are in scenes - on the ground - never in true isolation
• And people / animals are doing things foraging, looking around, working on something
dynamic pattern called the
optic array correct answers The pattern of light reaching the
eye as we move around contains
all the information we need to
make sense of the world - for our
purposes
The optic array gives us
unambiguous information correct answers about the layout of objects in
space
We move around so that we
eliminate ambiguity. What we
pick up is a set of correct answers invariants
under transformation owing
to our motion
• We automatically extract
these invariants and correct answers - hook them
