NUR 342 MSU Final Exam Review 133
Complete Correct Actual Solutions
NUR 342 MSU Final Exam Review 133
Complete Correct Actual Solutions
Systematic Reviews - ANSWER Integrates/combines evidence from multiple studies.
Highest level of evidence on hierarchy.
What is the purpose of conducting systematic reviews? - ANSWER Inform EBP.
Summarize state of the science on a topic.
Avoid making conclusions based on single studies.
What are the types of systematic reviews? - ANSWER Meta-analysis
Metasynthesis
Qualitative evidence synthesis
Mixed studies reviews
Cochrane reviews
Meta-Analysis - ANSWER Review of quantitative studies using statistical analyses; determines effect size
across studies and determines intervention effects.
Metasynthesis - ANSWER Review of qualitative studies; focused on abstract experiences.
Qualitative Evidence Synthesis - ANSWER Review of qualitative studies with focus on interventions.
Mixed Studies Reviews - ANSWER Review of mixed methods studies.
Cochrane Reviews - ANSWER Organization that specializes in in-depth reviews.
,NUR 342 MSU Final Exam Review 133
Complete Correct Actual Solutions
What are the researcher's roles in systematic reviews? - ANSWER Must clearly define their research
question.
Define clear criteria to specify which studies they will include and exclude from the review.
Make a series of decisions (such as what type of info to extract from the studies).
Evaluate the quality of the studies by using various tools (bias assessment or quality assessment scales
and checklists).
Approaches to evaluate study quality: - ANSWER Researchers use quality assessment scales, checklists,
tools to 'judge' the quality of studies that are being reviewed.
These assessments help guide decision-making for the review.
Effect Size - ANSWER A statistical way to tell us how big the intervention is.
p-values - ANSWER Tells us whether a finding is significant, but does not tell the magnitude.
Comparison of studies' effect sizes are often depicted in: - ANSWER Forest plots
Cohen's d - ANSWER Method of calculating effect size.
Calculates the magnitude of the effect between the groups.
Helps determine the difference in the outcome measure between 2 groups.
What are 2 examples of reporting guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analysis? - ANSWER
PRISM (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews & Meta-analyses)
- Used for randomized controlled trials.
MOOSE (Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology)
- Used for observational studies.
Potential ethical issues in systematic reviews: - ANSWER Systematic reviews may have studies with
ethical problems (which is why it is important to assess the quality of the studies).
, NUR 342 MSU Final Exam Review 133
Complete Correct Actual Solutions
Informed consent for original study usually does not apply to the systematic review.
Participants from original studies did not know about potential use of data in systematic review.
Systematic reviews may be prone to conflicts of interest.
Possible ways to minimize ethical issues in systematic reviews: - ANSWER Conduct cost-benefit analysis
to evaluate potential benefits and risks to stakeholders.
Declare conflicts of interest and funding sources.
Consider impact of publication bias on the systematic review.
Evaluate the quality of the studies in the review.
Prognosis - ANSWER The risk of future health outcomes in people with a given disease or health
condition.
Overall Prognosis - ANSWER Evaluates the course of health-related conditions over time among a
specific sub-group of the population based on clinical or social context.
Purpose is to provide info to inform shared decision making, inform public policy, determine the scope
of a condition, determine the risks/benefits of clinical interventions, and to determine feasibility of a
clinical prediction model.
Prognostic Factor Studies - ANSWER A non-experimental study that purposed to identify characteristics
that are associated with the occurrence of certain outcomes for individuals of a particular cohort.
Identifies high-risk patient characteristics (age) to stratify (group) individuals who may need additional
treatment.
Relative Risk - ANSWER The ratio of the risks for an event for the exposure group to the risks for the
non-exposure group; a comparison of outcomes between those with and without an exposure.
Researchers often report relative risks.
Ex: heart failure vs. heart failure
Complete Correct Actual Solutions
NUR 342 MSU Final Exam Review 133
Complete Correct Actual Solutions
Systematic Reviews - ANSWER Integrates/combines evidence from multiple studies.
Highest level of evidence on hierarchy.
What is the purpose of conducting systematic reviews? - ANSWER Inform EBP.
Summarize state of the science on a topic.
Avoid making conclusions based on single studies.
What are the types of systematic reviews? - ANSWER Meta-analysis
Metasynthesis
Qualitative evidence synthesis
Mixed studies reviews
Cochrane reviews
Meta-Analysis - ANSWER Review of quantitative studies using statistical analyses; determines effect size
across studies and determines intervention effects.
Metasynthesis - ANSWER Review of qualitative studies; focused on abstract experiences.
Qualitative Evidence Synthesis - ANSWER Review of qualitative studies with focus on interventions.
Mixed Studies Reviews - ANSWER Review of mixed methods studies.
Cochrane Reviews - ANSWER Organization that specializes in in-depth reviews.
,NUR 342 MSU Final Exam Review 133
Complete Correct Actual Solutions
What are the researcher's roles in systematic reviews? - ANSWER Must clearly define their research
question.
Define clear criteria to specify which studies they will include and exclude from the review.
Make a series of decisions (such as what type of info to extract from the studies).
Evaluate the quality of the studies by using various tools (bias assessment or quality assessment scales
and checklists).
Approaches to evaluate study quality: - ANSWER Researchers use quality assessment scales, checklists,
tools to 'judge' the quality of studies that are being reviewed.
These assessments help guide decision-making for the review.
Effect Size - ANSWER A statistical way to tell us how big the intervention is.
p-values - ANSWER Tells us whether a finding is significant, but does not tell the magnitude.
Comparison of studies' effect sizes are often depicted in: - ANSWER Forest plots
Cohen's d - ANSWER Method of calculating effect size.
Calculates the magnitude of the effect between the groups.
Helps determine the difference in the outcome measure between 2 groups.
What are 2 examples of reporting guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analysis? - ANSWER
PRISM (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews & Meta-analyses)
- Used for randomized controlled trials.
MOOSE (Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology)
- Used for observational studies.
Potential ethical issues in systematic reviews: - ANSWER Systematic reviews may have studies with
ethical problems (which is why it is important to assess the quality of the studies).
, NUR 342 MSU Final Exam Review 133
Complete Correct Actual Solutions
Informed consent for original study usually does not apply to the systematic review.
Participants from original studies did not know about potential use of data in systematic review.
Systematic reviews may be prone to conflicts of interest.
Possible ways to minimize ethical issues in systematic reviews: - ANSWER Conduct cost-benefit analysis
to evaluate potential benefits and risks to stakeholders.
Declare conflicts of interest and funding sources.
Consider impact of publication bias on the systematic review.
Evaluate the quality of the studies in the review.
Prognosis - ANSWER The risk of future health outcomes in people with a given disease or health
condition.
Overall Prognosis - ANSWER Evaluates the course of health-related conditions over time among a
specific sub-group of the population based on clinical or social context.
Purpose is to provide info to inform shared decision making, inform public policy, determine the scope
of a condition, determine the risks/benefits of clinical interventions, and to determine feasibility of a
clinical prediction model.
Prognostic Factor Studies - ANSWER A non-experimental study that purposed to identify characteristics
that are associated with the occurrence of certain outcomes for individuals of a particular cohort.
Identifies high-risk patient characteristics (age) to stratify (group) individuals who may need additional
treatment.
Relative Risk - ANSWER The ratio of the risks for an event for the exposure group to the risks for the
non-exposure group; a comparison of outcomes between those with and without an exposure.
Researchers often report relative risks.
Ex: heart failure vs. heart failure
