4/25 PALS FOR PRACTITIONERS
2
Exam Q&A VERIFIRD ANSWERS A
GRADES 100% GUARANTEE PASS
What is shock defined as? -ANSWER: physiological state characterized by
inadequate tissue perfusion to meet metabolic demand and tissue
oxygenation.
What is the goal in the treatment of shock? -ANSWER: To improve systemic
perfusion and O2 delivery.
What are the three things adequate tissue O2 delivery depend upon?-ANSWER-(1)
ufficient O2 in the blood
S
(2) Adequate blood flow
(3) Appropriate distribution of said blood.
What is the body's response to chronic hypoxemia?-ANSWER-It creates more
emoglobin to increase the carrying capacity of the blood, thus, the body
h
will be oxygenated despite the hypoxemia.
hat are the two determining factors as to whether there is adequate blood flow to the
W
tissue? -ANSWER- Cardiac output and vascular resistance
What are the three factors that determine stroke volume?-ANSWER-Preload
ontractility
C
Afterload
What is the most common cause of low stroke volume? -ANSWER-inadequate
preload
What does the body do in response to reduced cardiac output as far as the
asomotor system goes? Why is this paradoxical? -ANSWER-The body will
v
vasoconstrict in moments of decreased cardiac output. This further
reduces output, making this mechanism a positive feedback loop.
, hat is the body's first action to maintain cardiac output? -ANSWER-Increase the
W
heart rate
What is the definition of compensated shock? -ANSWER-This refers to a clinical
tate in which there are clinical signs of inadequate tissue perfusion, but
s
the patient's blood pressure is in the normal range.
What is the hypotension formula? What age group does this work for?- ANSWER-The
ypotension formula is to determine if hypotension is present in 1 - 10 year
h
olds.
The formula:
70 mm Hg + (childs age x 2)
What is a weak pulse and bradycardia a sign of? - Impending cardiac arrest
What does it mean when the book states that shock is an accelerating process? -
NSWER-This means that as shock develops, it will progressively begin
A
developing faster.
The first stage may take hours, and the second stage may take minutes to get to failure.
What is the most common type of shock in pediatric patients? -ANSWER:
Hypovolemic shock
Why do patients in hypovolemic shock present with tachypnea? -ANSWER- Because
this is to compensate to maintain acide base balance.
What are the main compensatory mechanisms for hypovolemic shock? -
NSWER-Tachycardia
A
Increased PVR
Increased contractility.
hat are the three options for the blood pressure to present with hypovolemic shock? -
W
Adequate systolic blood pressure, narrow pulse pressure, or systolic hypotension with a
narrow pulse pressure.
2
Exam Q&A VERIFIRD ANSWERS A
GRADES 100% GUARANTEE PASS
What is shock defined as? -ANSWER: physiological state characterized by
inadequate tissue perfusion to meet metabolic demand and tissue
oxygenation.
What is the goal in the treatment of shock? -ANSWER: To improve systemic
perfusion and O2 delivery.
What are the three things adequate tissue O2 delivery depend upon?-ANSWER-(1)
ufficient O2 in the blood
S
(2) Adequate blood flow
(3) Appropriate distribution of said blood.
What is the body's response to chronic hypoxemia?-ANSWER-It creates more
emoglobin to increase the carrying capacity of the blood, thus, the body
h
will be oxygenated despite the hypoxemia.
hat are the two determining factors as to whether there is adequate blood flow to the
W
tissue? -ANSWER- Cardiac output and vascular resistance
What are the three factors that determine stroke volume?-ANSWER-Preload
ontractility
C
Afterload
What is the most common cause of low stroke volume? -ANSWER-inadequate
preload
What does the body do in response to reduced cardiac output as far as the
asomotor system goes? Why is this paradoxical? -ANSWER-The body will
v
vasoconstrict in moments of decreased cardiac output. This further
reduces output, making this mechanism a positive feedback loop.
, hat is the body's first action to maintain cardiac output? -ANSWER-Increase the
W
heart rate
What is the definition of compensated shock? -ANSWER-This refers to a clinical
tate in which there are clinical signs of inadequate tissue perfusion, but
s
the patient's blood pressure is in the normal range.
What is the hypotension formula? What age group does this work for?- ANSWER-The
ypotension formula is to determine if hypotension is present in 1 - 10 year
h
olds.
The formula:
70 mm Hg + (childs age x 2)
What is a weak pulse and bradycardia a sign of? - Impending cardiac arrest
What does it mean when the book states that shock is an accelerating process? -
NSWER-This means that as shock develops, it will progressively begin
A
developing faster.
The first stage may take hours, and the second stage may take minutes to get to failure.
What is the most common type of shock in pediatric patients? -ANSWER:
Hypovolemic shock
Why do patients in hypovolemic shock present with tachypnea? -ANSWER- Because
this is to compensate to maintain acide base balance.
What are the main compensatory mechanisms for hypovolemic shock? -
NSWER-Tachycardia
A
Increased PVR
Increased contractility.
hat are the three options for the blood pressure to present with hypovolemic shock? -
W
Adequate systolic blood pressure, narrow pulse pressure, or systolic hypotension with a
narrow pulse pressure.
