Portage Learning Pathophysiology NURS 231 Unit 2
questions with verified answers
(1) Metastasis- a cancer cell must break loose from the primary tumor, invade the
surrounding extracellular matrix, gain access to a blood vessel, survive its passage
in the bloodstream, emerge at a favorable location, invade the surrounding
tissue, begin to grow, and establish a blood supply. (2) Chest pain, shortness of
breath, cough, bone pain. (3) Yearly low-dose chest CT. Ans✓✓✓ A 62-year-old
man with a 30-pack year smoking history is diagnosed with small cell lung cancer
with metastasis to the bone. (1) Explain the process of how cancer spreads
metastatically. (2) What symptoms might he have presented with? (3) Which
screening test would he have benefited from?
(1) well-differentiated neurons and cells of skeletal and cardiac muscles that
rarely divide and reproduce; (2) progenitor or parent cells that continue to divide
and reproduce, like blood, skin, and liver cells; (3) undifferentiated stem cells that
can enter the cell cycle and produce large number of progenitor cells if needed.
Ans✓✓✓ What are the 3 main groups of cells that proliferate?
1. Bleeding; sore that doesn't heal; fluid in the pleural, pericardial, or peritoneal
spaces; chest pain, shortness of breath, cough, abdominal discomfort or swelling.
Other possible answers can include a mass or lump, pain (need to be specific),
fatigue, fevers, weight loss
2. Weight loss, wasting of body fat and muscle tissue, weakness, anorexia, and
anemia, fatigue, sleep disturbances Ans✓✓✓ 1. List two signs or symptoms a
patient may present with that might indicate a cancer diagnosis:
2. What are two systemic manifestations of cancer exhibited by cancer patients?
, 1. Surgery is often the first treatment for solid tumors. If the tumor is small with
well-defined margins, it can be removed completely. It is also used for oncologic
emergencies and prophylactic surgery in high risk patients.
2. Neutropenia- risk for infections
Anemia- causing fatigue
Thrombocytopenia- risk for bleeding Ans✓✓✓ 1. When would surgery be
appropriate in the treatment of cancer?
2. Most chemotherapeutic drugs cause pancytopenia due to bone marrow
suppression. What are the 3 possible adverse outcomes of this?
1. The genetic and molecular mechanisms that transform normal cells to cancer
cells.
2. The external factors such as age, heredity, and environmental agents.
Ans✓✓✓ What are the 2 broad etiologic causes of cancer?
A polyp is a growth that projects from a mucosal surface, such as the intestine. A
polyp can be benign or malignant Ans✓✓✓ Define polyp. Are they benign or
malignant?
A polyp is a growth that projects from a mucosal surface, such as the intestine. A
polyp can be benign or malignant. Ans✓✓✓ What is a polyp?
Anaplasia is the loss of cell differentiation in cancerous tissue.
Genetic instability means they have a high frequency of mutations.
questions with verified answers
(1) Metastasis- a cancer cell must break loose from the primary tumor, invade the
surrounding extracellular matrix, gain access to a blood vessel, survive its passage
in the bloodstream, emerge at a favorable location, invade the surrounding
tissue, begin to grow, and establish a blood supply. (2) Chest pain, shortness of
breath, cough, bone pain. (3) Yearly low-dose chest CT. Ans✓✓✓ A 62-year-old
man with a 30-pack year smoking history is diagnosed with small cell lung cancer
with metastasis to the bone. (1) Explain the process of how cancer spreads
metastatically. (2) What symptoms might he have presented with? (3) Which
screening test would he have benefited from?
(1) well-differentiated neurons and cells of skeletal and cardiac muscles that
rarely divide and reproduce; (2) progenitor or parent cells that continue to divide
and reproduce, like blood, skin, and liver cells; (3) undifferentiated stem cells that
can enter the cell cycle and produce large number of progenitor cells if needed.
Ans✓✓✓ What are the 3 main groups of cells that proliferate?
1. Bleeding; sore that doesn't heal; fluid in the pleural, pericardial, or peritoneal
spaces; chest pain, shortness of breath, cough, abdominal discomfort or swelling.
Other possible answers can include a mass or lump, pain (need to be specific),
fatigue, fevers, weight loss
2. Weight loss, wasting of body fat and muscle tissue, weakness, anorexia, and
anemia, fatigue, sleep disturbances Ans✓✓✓ 1. List two signs or symptoms a
patient may present with that might indicate a cancer diagnosis:
2. What are two systemic manifestations of cancer exhibited by cancer patients?
, 1. Surgery is often the first treatment for solid tumors. If the tumor is small with
well-defined margins, it can be removed completely. It is also used for oncologic
emergencies and prophylactic surgery in high risk patients.
2. Neutropenia- risk for infections
Anemia- causing fatigue
Thrombocytopenia- risk for bleeding Ans✓✓✓ 1. When would surgery be
appropriate in the treatment of cancer?
2. Most chemotherapeutic drugs cause pancytopenia due to bone marrow
suppression. What are the 3 possible adverse outcomes of this?
1. The genetic and molecular mechanisms that transform normal cells to cancer
cells.
2. The external factors such as age, heredity, and environmental agents.
Ans✓✓✓ What are the 2 broad etiologic causes of cancer?
A polyp is a growth that projects from a mucosal surface, such as the intestine. A
polyp can be benign or malignant Ans✓✓✓ Define polyp. Are they benign or
malignant?
A polyp is a growth that projects from a mucosal surface, such as the intestine. A
polyp can be benign or malignant. Ans✓✓✓ What is a polyp?
Anaplasia is the loss of cell differentiation in cancerous tissue.
Genetic instability means they have a high frequency of mutations.
