CEN 800 EXAM 2025 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT.
Canadian Legal System - ANSWER· Based on equity and common law (judge made)
· Theory of Precedent
· Legislative
Corporations and Corporate Law - ANSWER· Articles of Incorporation/ Letters Patent
· Jurisdiction of Incorporation
· Objects
· By-laws
· Resolutions
· Public vs. Private
· Participants
o Shareholders
o Directors
o Officers
o Employees
Partnerships - ANSWER
Corporate Taxes - ANSWER
Business Organizations in Foreign Jurisdictions - ANSWER
Engineering Corporations and Partnerships - ANSWER
International Joint Ventures and Financial Risks - ANSWER
Parliamentary Supremacy - ANSWERo British North America Act 1867
§ Federal Jurisdiction
§ Provincial Jurisdiction
Constitutional Act 1982 and Charter of Rights and Freedoms - ANSWERo Guarantees
Fundamental Freedoms
o Constitution is Supreme Law
o Reduced Effect of Parliamentary Supremacy
Court Participants - ANSWER· Original trial: Plaintiff and Defendant
· Appeals: Appellant and Respondent
Civil Court Case Process - ANSWER· Plaintiff: Issue Statement of Claim
· Defendant: Respond with Statement of Defense
, · Discoveries: Documents, Oral
· Trial
Business Organizations - ANSWER· Sole Proprietorship
· Corporation
· Partnership
Different Types of Business Organizations - ANSWER· Joint Venture
· Consortium
Considerations in Selecting Appropriate Business Organization - ANSWER· Duration
· Simplicity/ Complexity
· Taxes
· Liability
· Separate Identity
· Personal Guarantees
· Property Ownership
· Registrations
Corporations - ANSWER· Articles of Incorporation/ Letters Patent
· Jurisdiction of Incorporation
· Objects
· By-laws
· Resolutions
· Public vs. Private
· Participants
Global Considerations - ANSWER· Form of Business Organization
· Political Risks
· Foreign Legal Systems
· Licensing Requirements
· Financial Risks Contract Forms
· Dispute Resolution
Different Types of Legal Obligations - ANSWER· Legal obligations and corresponding
responsibilities may arise
Contractual - ANSWERparties voluntarily assume legal obligations
Statutes - ANSWERlegislation imposes obligations
· Criminal code: do not steal
· Construction Act: retain statutory holdback from payments
· Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act: governs how private-
sector organizations collect, use or disclose personal information in the course of
commercial activities across Canada
· Professional Engineers Act (Ontario): regulates the practice of engineering in Ontario
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT.
Canadian Legal System - ANSWER· Based on equity and common law (judge made)
· Theory of Precedent
· Legislative
Corporations and Corporate Law - ANSWER· Articles of Incorporation/ Letters Patent
· Jurisdiction of Incorporation
· Objects
· By-laws
· Resolutions
· Public vs. Private
· Participants
o Shareholders
o Directors
o Officers
o Employees
Partnerships - ANSWER
Corporate Taxes - ANSWER
Business Organizations in Foreign Jurisdictions - ANSWER
Engineering Corporations and Partnerships - ANSWER
International Joint Ventures and Financial Risks - ANSWER
Parliamentary Supremacy - ANSWERo British North America Act 1867
§ Federal Jurisdiction
§ Provincial Jurisdiction
Constitutional Act 1982 and Charter of Rights and Freedoms - ANSWERo Guarantees
Fundamental Freedoms
o Constitution is Supreme Law
o Reduced Effect of Parliamentary Supremacy
Court Participants - ANSWER· Original trial: Plaintiff and Defendant
· Appeals: Appellant and Respondent
Civil Court Case Process - ANSWER· Plaintiff: Issue Statement of Claim
· Defendant: Respond with Statement of Defense
, · Discoveries: Documents, Oral
· Trial
Business Organizations - ANSWER· Sole Proprietorship
· Corporation
· Partnership
Different Types of Business Organizations - ANSWER· Joint Venture
· Consortium
Considerations in Selecting Appropriate Business Organization - ANSWER· Duration
· Simplicity/ Complexity
· Taxes
· Liability
· Separate Identity
· Personal Guarantees
· Property Ownership
· Registrations
Corporations - ANSWER· Articles of Incorporation/ Letters Patent
· Jurisdiction of Incorporation
· Objects
· By-laws
· Resolutions
· Public vs. Private
· Participants
Global Considerations - ANSWER· Form of Business Organization
· Political Risks
· Foreign Legal Systems
· Licensing Requirements
· Financial Risks Contract Forms
· Dispute Resolution
Different Types of Legal Obligations - ANSWER· Legal obligations and corresponding
responsibilities may arise
Contractual - ANSWERparties voluntarily assume legal obligations
Statutes - ANSWERlegislation imposes obligations
· Criminal code: do not steal
· Construction Act: retain statutory holdback from payments
· Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act: governs how private-
sector organizations collect, use or disclose personal information in the course of
commercial activities across Canada
· Professional Engineers Act (Ontario): regulates the practice of engineering in Ontario
