,DOWNLOADgTHEgTestgBankgforgBasicgImmunologyg5thgEditiongAbbas
Abbas:gBasicgImmunology,g5thgEdition
Chapterg02:gInnategImmunitygTe
stgBank
MULTIPLEgCHOICE
1. WhichgofgthegfollowinggstatementsgaboutgtheginnategimmunegsystemgisgNOTgtrue?
A. Innategimmunitygisgpresentgingallgmulticellulargorganisms,gincludinggplantsgandginsects.
B. Deficienciesginginnategimmunitygmarkedlygincreaseghostgsusceptibilitygtoginfection,geve
ngingthegsettinggofgangintactgadaptivegimmunegresponse.
C. Innategimmunitygisgbettergsuitedgforgeliminatinggvirulent,gresistantgmicrobesgthangi
sgadaptivegimmunity.
D. Theginnategimmunegresponsegcangbegdividedgintogrecognition,gactivation,gandgeffecto
rgphases.
E. Theginnategimmunegresponsegagainstgmicrobesginfluencesgthegtypegofgadaptivegimmun
egresponsegthatgdevelops.
ANS:gC
Innategimmunitygisgthegfirstglinegofgdefensegagainstginfections,gyetgmanygpathogenicgmicrobesgha
vegevolvedgstrategiesgtogresistginnategimmunity.gAdaptivegimmunity,gbeinggmoregpotentgandgspec
ialized,gplaysgagcriticalgrolegingdefendinggagainstgthesegvirulentgmicrobes.gInnategimmunitygisgthe
gphylogeneticallygoldestgmechanismgofgmicrobialgdefense,gandgitgisgpresentgingallgmulticellulargor
ganisms,gincludinggplantsgandginsects.gStudiesghavegshowngthatghamperinggeffectorgmechanismsg
ofginnategimmunitygrendersghostsgmuchgmoregsusceptiblegtoginfection,gevengwithgagfunctionalgad
aptivegimmunegsystem.gItgisgalsogtruegthat,glikegthegadaptivegresponse,gtheginnategimmunegrespon
segconsistsgofgrecognition,gactivation,gandgeffectorgphases.gAlthoughgitgprovidesgtheginitial,grapid
gresponsegagainstgmicrobes,ginnategimmunitygcanginfluencegadaptivegimmunegresponsesgtogtailorg
themgagainstgparticulargmicrobes.
2. Ag4-year-
oldggirlgsteppedgongagrustygnailginghergbackyard.gTwogdaysglater,gshegisgtakengtogthegpediatricia
ngbecauseghergheelgisgpainful,gred,gandgswollengandgisgwarmgtogthegtouch.gAllgofgthegfollowingg
aregmechanismsgofginnategimmunitygthatgmaygbegprotectinggthegpatientgagainstgpathogenicgmic
robesgingthegheelgwoundgEXCEPT:
A. Epithelialgbarriergfunctiongofgthegskingofghergfoot
B. Intraepithelialglymphocytesgpresentgingthegskin
C. Circulatinggneutrophilsgmigratinggtogthegsitegofgthegwound
D. Solublegcytokinesgthatginducegaglocalginflammatorygresponse
E. Circulatingganti-tetanusgtoxingantibodies
ANS:gE
Secretedgantibodiesgagainstgproteingantigensgaregeffectorsgofghumoralgimmunity,gagcomponentgof
gthegadaptivegimmunegsystem.gAllgothergmechanismsglistedgaregpartgofgtheginnategimmunegsystem
.gIntactgepithelialgsurfacesgpreventgmicrobialgentry,gandgepithelialgcellsgexpressganti-
microbialgfactors,gsuchgasgdefensins.gNeutrophilsgaregeffectorgcellsgthatgfunctiongingearlygphagoc
ytosisgandgkillinggofgmicrobes.gCytokinesgthatgmediateginflammationg(e.g.,gtumorgnecrosisgfactor
,
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interleukin-1,gchemokines)garegcomponentsgofginnategimmunity.gIntraepithe-
lialgTglymphocytesgpresentgingthegepidermisgandgmucosalgepitheliagexpressgaglimitedgdiversitygofg
antigengreceptors;gasgsuch,gtheygaregconsideredgeffectorgcellsgofginnategimmunitygandgfunctiongin
ghostgdefensegbygsecretinggcytokines,gactivatinggphagocytes,gandgkillingginfectedgcells.
3. WhichgofgthegfollowinggcomparisonsgofgtheginnategandgadaptivegimmunegsystemsgisgFALSE?
A. Theginnategimmunegsystemgisgmoreglikelygtogrecognizegnormalgself,gandgthereforegcaus
egautoimmunity,gthangisgthegadaptivegimmunegsystem.
B. Receptorsgusedgforgrecognitionginginnategimmunitygaregencodedgingtheggermline,gwherea
sgthosegofgthegadaptivegimmunegsystemgaregencodedgbyggenesggeneratedgviagsomaticgrecom
binationgofggermlinegreceptorggenegloci.
C. Theginnategandgadaptivegimmunegsystemsgsharegsomegofgthegsamegeffectorgmechanisms.
D. Bothgtheginnategandgadaptivegimmunegsystemsgcangrecognizegnonmicrobialgsubstances.
E. Theginnategimmunegsystemgdoesgnotghavegmemorygbutgthegadaptivegimmunegsystemgdoes.
ANS:gA
Innategimmunegsystemgreceptorsgaregencodedgbyggermlineggenesgthatghavegevolvedgtogrecognize
gmicrobialgstructuresgorgmoleculesgproducedgbygstressedgself,gandgthereforegtheregisglittlegchanceg
ofginnategimmunegresponsesgtognormalgself.gBecausegthegspecificitiesgofgadaptivegimmunegsyste
mgreceptorsg(IggorgTgcellgreceptorgmolecules)garegrandomlyggeneratedgbygsomaticgrecombinationg
andgjunctional-
diversitygmechanisms,gtheregisgaggreatergchancegthatgthegadaptivegimmunegsystemgreceptorsgmay
grecognizegnormalgselfgmolecules,gleadinggtogautoimmunity.gMechanismsgofgtolerancegminimizeg
thisgpossibility,gbutgthesegmechanismsgcangfail.gThegadaptivegimmunegsystemgreceptorsgcangreco
gnizegnonmicrobialgstructures.gAlthoughgmostginnategimmunegsystemgreceptorsgrecognizegmicro
bialgstructures,gsomegToll-
likegreceptorsgandgactivatinggreceptorsgofgnaturalgkillergcellsgdogrecognizegnonmicrobialgselfgprot
einsgexpressedgbygstressed,gdamaged,gorginfectedgcells.gMemorygisgaguniquegpropertygofgthegada
ptivegandgnotgtheginnategimmunegsystem.
4. Toll-
likegreceptorsg(TLRs)garegagfamilygofghomologousgreceptorsgexpressedgongmanygcellgtypesgandg
areginvolvedginginnategimmunegresponses.gTengdifferentgmammaliangTLRsghavegbeengidentifie
d,gandgseveralgligandsgforgmanygofgthesegreceptorsgaregknown.gWhichgofgthegfollowinggisgagTL
Rgligand?
A. Single-strandedgRNA
B. TransfergRNA
C. Double-strandedgDNA
D. UnmethylatedgCpGgDNA
E. Heterochromatin
ANS:gD
Moregthang10gmammaliangToll-
likegreceptorsg(TLRs)ghavegbeengidentified,gandgeachgappearsgtogrecognizegagdifferentgsetgofgstru
cturesgthatgaregfoundgingpathogenicgmicrobesgbutgnotgingmammaliangcells.gSuchgstructuresgaregca
lledgpathogen-
associatedgmoleculargpatternsg(PAMPs).gUnmethylatedgcytosinegguanosineg(CpG)gmotifsgaregtyp
icalgofgbacterialgandgprotozoangDNA,gbutgnotgmammaliangDNA,gandgaregthereforegPAMPs.gTLR
9gbindsgCpGgDNA.gTransfergRNA,gsingle-gstrandedgRNA,gdouble-
strandedgDNA,gandgheterochromatingaregallgnormalgcomponentsgofgmammaliangcellsgandgaregnot
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, grecognizedgbygTLRs.gDouble-
strandedgRNAgisgproducedgbygsomegvirusesgbutgnotgbygmammaliangcellsgandgisgrecognizedgbygT
LR3.
Copyrightg©g2016,gElseviergInc.gAllgRightsgReserve
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Abbas:gBasicgImmunology,g5thgEdition
Chapterg02:gInnategImmunitygTe
stgBank
MULTIPLEgCHOICE
1. WhichgofgthegfollowinggstatementsgaboutgtheginnategimmunegsystemgisgNOTgtrue?
A. Innategimmunitygisgpresentgingallgmulticellulargorganisms,gincludinggplantsgandginsects.
B. Deficienciesginginnategimmunitygmarkedlygincreaseghostgsusceptibilitygtoginfection,geve
ngingthegsettinggofgangintactgadaptivegimmunegresponse.
C. Innategimmunitygisgbettergsuitedgforgeliminatinggvirulent,gresistantgmicrobesgthangi
sgadaptivegimmunity.
D. Theginnategimmunegresponsegcangbegdividedgintogrecognition,gactivation,gandgeffecto
rgphases.
E. Theginnategimmunegresponsegagainstgmicrobesginfluencesgthegtypegofgadaptivegimmun
egresponsegthatgdevelops.
ANS:gC
Innategimmunitygisgthegfirstglinegofgdefensegagainstginfections,gyetgmanygpathogenicgmicrobesgha
vegevolvedgstrategiesgtogresistginnategimmunity.gAdaptivegimmunity,gbeinggmoregpotentgandgspec
ialized,gplaysgagcriticalgrolegingdefendinggagainstgthesegvirulentgmicrobes.gInnategimmunitygisgthe
gphylogeneticallygoldestgmechanismgofgmicrobialgdefense,gandgitgisgpresentgingallgmulticellulargor
ganisms,gincludinggplantsgandginsects.gStudiesghavegshowngthatghamperinggeffectorgmechanismsg
ofginnategimmunitygrendersghostsgmuchgmoregsusceptiblegtoginfection,gevengwithgagfunctionalgad
aptivegimmunegsystem.gItgisgalsogtruegthat,glikegthegadaptivegresponse,gtheginnategimmunegrespon
segconsistsgofgrecognition,gactivation,gandgeffectorgphases.gAlthoughgitgprovidesgtheginitial,grapid
gresponsegagainstgmicrobes,ginnategimmunitygcanginfluencegadaptivegimmunegresponsesgtogtailorg
themgagainstgparticulargmicrobes.
2. Ag4-year-
oldggirlgsteppedgongagrustygnailginghergbackyard.gTwogdaysglater,gshegisgtakengtogthegpediatricia
ngbecauseghergheelgisgpainful,gred,gandgswollengandgisgwarmgtogthegtouch.gAllgofgthegfollowingg
aregmechanismsgofginnategimmunitygthatgmaygbegprotectinggthegpatientgagainstgpathogenicgmic
robesgingthegheelgwoundgEXCEPT:
A. Epithelialgbarriergfunctiongofgthegskingofghergfoot
B. Intraepithelialglymphocytesgpresentgingthegskin
C. Circulatinggneutrophilsgmigratinggtogthegsitegofgthegwound
D. Solublegcytokinesgthatginducegaglocalginflammatorygresponse
E. Circulatingganti-tetanusgtoxingantibodies
ANS:gE
Secretedgantibodiesgagainstgproteingantigensgaregeffectorsgofghumoralgimmunity,gagcomponentgof
gthegadaptivegimmunegsystem.gAllgothergmechanismsglistedgaregpartgofgtheginnategimmunegsystem
.gIntactgepithelialgsurfacesgpreventgmicrobialgentry,gandgepithelialgcellsgexpressganti-
microbialgfactors,gsuchgasgdefensins.gNeutrophilsgaregeffectorgcellsgthatgfunctiongingearlygphagoc
ytosisgandgkillinggofgmicrobes.gCytokinesgthatgmediateginflammationg(e.g.,gtumorgnecrosisgfactor
,
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d.
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,DOWNLOADgTHEgTestgBankgforgBasicgImmunologyg5thgEditiongAbbas
TestgBank 2-2
interleukin-1,gchemokines)garegcomponentsgofginnategimmunity.gIntraepithe-
lialgTglymphocytesgpresentgingthegepidermisgandgmucosalgepitheliagexpressgaglimitedgdiversitygofg
antigengreceptors;gasgsuch,gtheygaregconsideredgeffectorgcellsgofginnategimmunitygandgfunctiongin
ghostgdefensegbygsecretinggcytokines,gactivatinggphagocytes,gandgkillingginfectedgcells.
3. WhichgofgthegfollowinggcomparisonsgofgtheginnategandgadaptivegimmunegsystemsgisgFALSE?
A. Theginnategimmunegsystemgisgmoreglikelygtogrecognizegnormalgself,gandgthereforegcaus
egautoimmunity,gthangisgthegadaptivegimmunegsystem.
B. Receptorsgusedgforgrecognitionginginnategimmunitygaregencodedgingtheggermline,gwherea
sgthosegofgthegadaptivegimmunegsystemgaregencodedgbyggenesggeneratedgviagsomaticgrecom
binationgofggermlinegreceptorggenegloci.
C. Theginnategandgadaptivegimmunegsystemsgsharegsomegofgthegsamegeffectorgmechanisms.
D. Bothgtheginnategandgadaptivegimmunegsystemsgcangrecognizegnonmicrobialgsubstances.
E. Theginnategimmunegsystemgdoesgnotghavegmemorygbutgthegadaptivegimmunegsystemgdoes.
ANS:gA
Innategimmunegsystemgreceptorsgaregencodedgbyggermlineggenesgthatghavegevolvedgtogrecognize
gmicrobialgstructuresgorgmoleculesgproducedgbygstressedgself,gandgthereforegtheregisglittlegchanceg
ofginnategimmunegresponsesgtognormalgself.gBecausegthegspecificitiesgofgadaptivegimmunegsyste
mgreceptorsg(IggorgTgcellgreceptorgmolecules)garegrandomlyggeneratedgbygsomaticgrecombinationg
andgjunctional-
diversitygmechanisms,gtheregisgaggreatergchancegthatgthegadaptivegimmunegsystemgreceptorsgmay
grecognizegnormalgselfgmolecules,gleadinggtogautoimmunity.gMechanismsgofgtolerancegminimizeg
thisgpossibility,gbutgthesegmechanismsgcangfail.gThegadaptivegimmunegsystemgreceptorsgcangreco
gnizegnonmicrobialgstructures.gAlthoughgmostginnategimmunegsystemgreceptorsgrecognizegmicro
bialgstructures,gsomegToll-
likegreceptorsgandgactivatinggreceptorsgofgnaturalgkillergcellsgdogrecognizegnonmicrobialgselfgprot
einsgexpressedgbygstressed,gdamaged,gorginfectedgcells.gMemorygisgaguniquegpropertygofgthegada
ptivegandgnotgtheginnategimmunegsystem.
4. Toll-
likegreceptorsg(TLRs)garegagfamilygofghomologousgreceptorsgexpressedgongmanygcellgtypesgandg
areginvolvedginginnategimmunegresponses.gTengdifferentgmammaliangTLRsghavegbeengidentifie
d,gandgseveralgligandsgforgmanygofgthesegreceptorsgaregknown.gWhichgofgthegfollowinggisgagTL
Rgligand?
A. Single-strandedgRNA
B. TransfergRNA
C. Double-strandedgDNA
D. UnmethylatedgCpGgDNA
E. Heterochromatin
ANS:gD
Moregthang10gmammaliangToll-
likegreceptorsg(TLRs)ghavegbeengidentified,gandgeachgappearsgtogrecognizegagdifferentgsetgofgstru
cturesgthatgaregfoundgingpathogenicgmicrobesgbutgnotgingmammaliangcells.gSuchgstructuresgaregca
lledgpathogen-
associatedgmoleculargpatternsg(PAMPs).gUnmethylatedgcytosinegguanosineg(CpG)gmotifsgaregtyp
icalgofgbacterialgandgprotozoangDNA,gbutgnotgmammaliangDNA,gandgaregthereforegPAMPs.gTLR
9gbindsgCpGgDNA.gTransfergRNA,gsingle-gstrandedgRNA,gdouble-
strandedgDNA,gandgheterochromatingaregallgnormalgcomponentsgofgmammaliangcellsgandgaregnot
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, grecognizedgbygTLRs.gDouble-
strandedgRNAgisgproducedgbygsomegvirusesgbutgnotgbygmammaliangcellsgandgisgrecognizedgbygT
LR3.
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