NUR 431 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
When should a child start smiling? When should a child be laughing? When should a
child play peek-a-boo? - Answer-Smile: 6-8 weeks (<3 months)
Laugh: 4 months
Peek-a-boo: 6 months
§ Piaget: Sensorimotor phase
·Birth - 1 month:
·1 - 4 months:
·4 - 8 months:
6 - 8 months: - Answer-§ Piaget: Sensorimotor phase
· Birth - 1 month: primitive reflexes
· 1 - 4 months: circular reactions (cry -> food)
· 4 - 8 months: secondary circular reactions (grasping rattle to shaking rattle)
6 - 8 months: Object permanence
v Intramuscular Injection Sites and needle sizes - Answer-Ø IM- immunizations. Less
than 7 months vastus laterals. Above 7 months using ventrogluteal. Never dorsal
gluteal. Deltoid in 3+
Vastus lateralis- all
Deltoid- no infants, 1 year+
Ventrogluteal- 7 months + at 0.5ml
all 5/8 - 1in, school age goes up to 1.5"
22 - 25 gague
IV location in child
IV placement attempts?
IV Matenance fluid clacluation **** - Answer-•Select hand rather than wrist or upper arm
veins
•Make only two attempts to gain access
o100 mL per kg of body weight for the first 10 kg
o50 mL per kg of body weight for the next 10 kg
o20 mL per kg of body weight for the remainder of body weight in kilograms
Infant Fine Motor Skills:
¨ grasp:
¨ transfer:
¨ pincer:
¨ remove container objects:
¨ tower of two blocks: - Answer-· Fine Motor Skills:
, ¨ grasp: 2 - 3 months
¨ transfer: 7 months
¨ pincer: 10 months
¨ remove container objects: 11 months
¨ tower of two blocks: 12 months
Infant Gross motor Skills:
¨ unsupported head:
¨ rolling back to belly:
¨ rolling belly to back:
¨ maintain sitting alone:
¨ moves from prone to sitting:
¨ pull to stand: - Answer-· Gross motor Skills:
¨ unsupported head: 4 months
¨ rolling back to belly: 5 months
¨ rolling belly to back: 6 months
¨ maintain sitting alone: 7 months
¨ moves from prone to sitting: 10 months
¨ pull to stand: 11 - 12 months
Infant Vocalization
· Vowel sounds:
· Constantans, coo, gurgle, and laugh:
· Imitate sounds:
· Understand NO:
· Says 3 - 5 words with meaning: - Answer-§ Vocalization
· Vowel sounds: 2 months
· Constantans, coo, gurgle, and laugh: 4 months
· Imitate sounds: 6 months
· Understand NO: 9 months
· Says 3 - 5 words with meaning: 12 months
When does attachment to a caregiver begin? What is reactive attachment disorder?
When does stranger anxiety being? - Answer-§ Attachment: 6 months
§ Reactive attachment disorder: · Prolonged and early separation results to no
caregiver attachment and no stranger danger, no impulse control, later antisocial
personality disorder
stranger anxiety: 8 months
How long for breast milk/formula? When do you introduce solid foods? Switch to cow's
milk?
When to ween a pacifier? - Answer-§ Breast milk or formula 0 - 6 months, weaned by
12 months, especially bottles, and switch to cows milk at 12 months becuase it does not
have sufficent iron
§ Solid foods 4 - 6 months
•Pacifier - ok 1st 6 months then wean
ANSWERS
When should a child start smiling? When should a child be laughing? When should a
child play peek-a-boo? - Answer-Smile: 6-8 weeks (<3 months)
Laugh: 4 months
Peek-a-boo: 6 months
§ Piaget: Sensorimotor phase
·Birth - 1 month:
·1 - 4 months:
·4 - 8 months:
6 - 8 months: - Answer-§ Piaget: Sensorimotor phase
· Birth - 1 month: primitive reflexes
· 1 - 4 months: circular reactions (cry -> food)
· 4 - 8 months: secondary circular reactions (grasping rattle to shaking rattle)
6 - 8 months: Object permanence
v Intramuscular Injection Sites and needle sizes - Answer-Ø IM- immunizations. Less
than 7 months vastus laterals. Above 7 months using ventrogluteal. Never dorsal
gluteal. Deltoid in 3+
Vastus lateralis- all
Deltoid- no infants, 1 year+
Ventrogluteal- 7 months + at 0.5ml
all 5/8 - 1in, school age goes up to 1.5"
22 - 25 gague
IV location in child
IV placement attempts?
IV Matenance fluid clacluation **** - Answer-•Select hand rather than wrist or upper arm
veins
•Make only two attempts to gain access
o100 mL per kg of body weight for the first 10 kg
o50 mL per kg of body weight for the next 10 kg
o20 mL per kg of body weight for the remainder of body weight in kilograms
Infant Fine Motor Skills:
¨ grasp:
¨ transfer:
¨ pincer:
¨ remove container objects:
¨ tower of two blocks: - Answer-· Fine Motor Skills:
, ¨ grasp: 2 - 3 months
¨ transfer: 7 months
¨ pincer: 10 months
¨ remove container objects: 11 months
¨ tower of two blocks: 12 months
Infant Gross motor Skills:
¨ unsupported head:
¨ rolling back to belly:
¨ rolling belly to back:
¨ maintain sitting alone:
¨ moves from prone to sitting:
¨ pull to stand: - Answer-· Gross motor Skills:
¨ unsupported head: 4 months
¨ rolling back to belly: 5 months
¨ rolling belly to back: 6 months
¨ maintain sitting alone: 7 months
¨ moves from prone to sitting: 10 months
¨ pull to stand: 11 - 12 months
Infant Vocalization
· Vowel sounds:
· Constantans, coo, gurgle, and laugh:
· Imitate sounds:
· Understand NO:
· Says 3 - 5 words with meaning: - Answer-§ Vocalization
· Vowel sounds: 2 months
· Constantans, coo, gurgle, and laugh: 4 months
· Imitate sounds: 6 months
· Understand NO: 9 months
· Says 3 - 5 words with meaning: 12 months
When does attachment to a caregiver begin? What is reactive attachment disorder?
When does stranger anxiety being? - Answer-§ Attachment: 6 months
§ Reactive attachment disorder: · Prolonged and early separation results to no
caregiver attachment and no stranger danger, no impulse control, later antisocial
personality disorder
stranger anxiety: 8 months
How long for breast milk/formula? When do you introduce solid foods? Switch to cow's
milk?
When to ween a pacifier? - Answer-§ Breast milk or formula 0 - 6 months, weaned by
12 months, especially bottles, and switch to cows milk at 12 months becuase it does not
have sufficent iron
§ Solid foods 4 - 6 months
•Pacifier - ok 1st 6 months then wean
