,CHAPTER 1: Psychology Is a Way of Thinking
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES XI
Learning Objective 1.1: Articulate how the roles of consumers and producers of psychological research ar
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
e similar and how they differ.
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
Learning Objective 1.2: Explain how theories and data interact to form empirical inquiry.
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
Learning Objective 1.3: Identify examples of basic and applied research and describe the interactions bet
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
ween the two kinds of research.
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
Learning Objective 1.4: Describe the role of the peer-review process in science.
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
Learning Objective 1.5: Give examples of ways that researchers dig deeper by doing more than just one s
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
tudy on a research question.
Xi Xi Xi Xi
Learning Objective 1.6: Describe the differences between empirical journals and popular journalism; descr
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
ibe the goals of each format and give examples of ways that journalists can write better stories about scie
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
ntific news.Xi
MULTIPLE CHOICE XI
1. Which of the following is an example of being a producer of research?
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
a. Administering an anxiety questionnaire Xi Xi Xi
b. Applying a new therapy technique Xi Xi Xi Xi
c. Writing an opinion article about a psychological study
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
d. Undergoing a brain scan Xi Xi Xi
ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: Xi
1.1 Research Producers, Research Consumers: Why the Producer Role Is Important OBJ:
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
Learning Objective 1.1 Xi Xi
MSC: Understanding
2. Which of the following is an example of being a consumer of research?
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
a. Administering a questionnaire of PTSD symptoms Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
b. Consenting to participate in a research study Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
c. Attending a psychological conference Xi Xi Xi
d. Measuring dopamine levels in patients with schizophrenia Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: Xi
1.1 Research Producers, Research Consumers: Why the Consumer Role Is Important OBJ:
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
Learning Objective 1.1 Xi Xi
MSC: Applying
,3.
Students who are interested in being consumers of, but not producers of, research might choose whi
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
ch of the following professions?
Xi Xi Xi Xi
a. A clinical psychologist
Xi Xi
b. An intervention program evaluator
Xi Xi Xi
c. A political pollster
Xi Xi
d. An advertising executive Xi Xi
ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: Xi
1.1 Research Producers, Research Consumers: Why the Consumer Role Is Important OBJ:
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
Learning Objective 1.1 Xi Xi
MSC: Analyzing
4.
Dr. Smitherman insists that all his research assistants know how to be producers of research. All of t
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
he following relate to this requirement EXCEPT:
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
a. He wants to make sure they understand how to write in APA style.
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
b. He wants to make sure they understand why anonymity is important.
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
c. He wants to make sure they understand how to interpret study results and graphs.
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
d. He wants to make sure they have previously been participants in research studies.
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: Xi
1.1 Research Producers, Research Consumers: Why the Consumer Role Is Important OBJ:
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
Learning Objective 1.1 Xi Xi
MSC: Understanding
5.
Elliott is double majoring in English and psychology. He plans on being a high school English teache
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
r and is only majoring in psychology because he finds the classes interesting. Which of the following is
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
an important reason for him to be a good consumer of research?
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
a. His psychology advisor may ask for his help in copy-editing a research article.
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
b. He will likely need to be a participant in research studies as part of his psychology major.
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
c. He will probably want to read research related to enhancing his teaching.
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
d. He will have to produce research before he can consume it.
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: Xi
1.1 Research Producers, Research Consumers: Why the Consumer Role Is Important OBJ:
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
Learning Objective 1.1 Xi Xi
MSC: Applying
6. In the theory-data cycle, theories first lead to
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
.
a. questions
b. answers
, c. data
d. research
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: Xi
1.2 How Scientists Approach Their Work: Scientists Test Theories: The Theory-Data Cycle OBJ:
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
Learning Objective 1.2 Xi Xi
MSC: Understanding
7. Another word for hypothesis is a(n)
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
.
a. theory
b. observation
c. prediction
d. outcome
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: Xi
1.2 How Scientists Approach Their Work: Scientists Test Theories: The Theory-Data Cycle OBJ:
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
Learning Objective 1.2 Xi Xi
MSC: Remembering
8. Another word for data is a(n) Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
.
a. theory
b. observation
c. prediction
d. outcome
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: Xi
1.2 How Scientists Approach Their Work: Scientists Test Theories: The Theory-Data Cycle OBJ:
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
Learning Objective 1.2 Xi Xi
MSC: Remembering
9.
RESEARCH STUDY 1.1: Deci and Ryan (1985, 2001) have proposed that there are three fundamen
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
tal needs that are required for human growth and fulfillment: relatedness, autonomy, and competence.
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
Susan predicts that students who have these needs met in their psychology class feel happier and mo
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
re satisfied with the class. She collects data and finds that students who feel more related and compet
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
ent do feel happier but that feeling more autonomous does not seem to matter. Susan thinks that may
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
be autonomy is only necessary when people are in situations in which they are not being evaluated.
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
Deci and Ryan‘s general statement of how the three needs are related to growth and fulfillment is a
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
n example of which of the following?
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
a. A theory Xi
b. A hypothesis Xi
c. Data
d. Research
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
LEARNING OBJECTIVES XI
Learning Objective 1.1: Articulate how the roles of consumers and producers of psychological research ar
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
e similar and how they differ.
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
Learning Objective 1.2: Explain how theories and data interact to form empirical inquiry.
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
Learning Objective 1.3: Identify examples of basic and applied research and describe the interactions bet
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
ween the two kinds of research.
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
Learning Objective 1.4: Describe the role of the peer-review process in science.
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
Learning Objective 1.5: Give examples of ways that researchers dig deeper by doing more than just one s
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
tudy on a research question.
Xi Xi Xi Xi
Learning Objective 1.6: Describe the differences between empirical journals and popular journalism; descr
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
ibe the goals of each format and give examples of ways that journalists can write better stories about scie
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
ntific news.Xi
MULTIPLE CHOICE XI
1. Which of the following is an example of being a producer of research?
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
a. Administering an anxiety questionnaire Xi Xi Xi
b. Applying a new therapy technique Xi Xi Xi Xi
c. Writing an opinion article about a psychological study
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
d. Undergoing a brain scan Xi Xi Xi
ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: Xi
1.1 Research Producers, Research Consumers: Why the Producer Role Is Important OBJ:
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
Learning Objective 1.1 Xi Xi
MSC: Understanding
2. Which of the following is an example of being a consumer of research?
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
a. Administering a questionnaire of PTSD symptoms Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
b. Consenting to participate in a research study Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
c. Attending a psychological conference Xi Xi Xi
d. Measuring dopamine levels in patients with schizophrenia Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: Xi
1.1 Research Producers, Research Consumers: Why the Consumer Role Is Important OBJ:
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
Learning Objective 1.1 Xi Xi
MSC: Applying
,3.
Students who are interested in being consumers of, but not producers of, research might choose whi
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
ch of the following professions?
Xi Xi Xi Xi
a. A clinical psychologist
Xi Xi
b. An intervention program evaluator
Xi Xi Xi
c. A political pollster
Xi Xi
d. An advertising executive Xi Xi
ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: Xi
1.1 Research Producers, Research Consumers: Why the Consumer Role Is Important OBJ:
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
Learning Objective 1.1 Xi Xi
MSC: Analyzing
4.
Dr. Smitherman insists that all his research assistants know how to be producers of research. All of t
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
he following relate to this requirement EXCEPT:
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
a. He wants to make sure they understand how to write in APA style.
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
b. He wants to make sure they understand why anonymity is important.
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
c. He wants to make sure they understand how to interpret study results and graphs.
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
d. He wants to make sure they have previously been participants in research studies.
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: Xi
1.1 Research Producers, Research Consumers: Why the Consumer Role Is Important OBJ:
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
Learning Objective 1.1 Xi Xi
MSC: Understanding
5.
Elliott is double majoring in English and psychology. He plans on being a high school English teache
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
r and is only majoring in psychology because he finds the classes interesting. Which of the following is
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
an important reason for him to be a good consumer of research?
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
a. His psychology advisor may ask for his help in copy-editing a research article.
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
b. He will likely need to be a participant in research studies as part of his psychology major.
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
c. He will probably want to read research related to enhancing his teaching.
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
d. He will have to produce research before he can consume it.
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: Xi
1.1 Research Producers, Research Consumers: Why the Consumer Role Is Important OBJ:
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
Learning Objective 1.1 Xi Xi
MSC: Applying
6. In the theory-data cycle, theories first lead to
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
.
a. questions
b. answers
, c. data
d. research
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: Xi
1.2 How Scientists Approach Their Work: Scientists Test Theories: The Theory-Data Cycle OBJ:
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
Learning Objective 1.2 Xi Xi
MSC: Understanding
7. Another word for hypothesis is a(n)
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
.
a. theory
b. observation
c. prediction
d. outcome
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: Xi
1.2 How Scientists Approach Their Work: Scientists Test Theories: The Theory-Data Cycle OBJ:
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
Learning Objective 1.2 Xi Xi
MSC: Remembering
8. Another word for data is a(n) Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
.
a. theory
b. observation
c. prediction
d. outcome
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: Xi
1.2 How Scientists Approach Their Work: Scientists Test Theories: The Theory-Data Cycle OBJ:
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
Learning Objective 1.2 Xi Xi
MSC: Remembering
9.
RESEARCH STUDY 1.1: Deci and Ryan (1985, 2001) have proposed that there are three fundamen
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
tal needs that are required for human growth and fulfillment: relatedness, autonomy, and competence.
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
Susan predicts that students who have these needs met in their psychology class feel happier and mo
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
re satisfied with the class. She collects data and finds that students who feel more related and compet
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
ent do feel happier but that feeling more autonomous does not seem to matter. Susan thinks that may
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
be autonomy is only necessary when people are in situations in which they are not being evaluated.
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
Deci and Ryan‘s general statement of how the three needs are related to growth and fulfillment is a
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
n example of which of the following?
Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi Xi
a. A theory Xi
b. A hypothesis Xi
c. Data
d. Research
