Chapter 1, 4e: Introduction to Pathophysiology
1. The nucleus , which is essential for function and survival of the cell.
A) is the site of protein synthesis
ST
B) contains the genetic code
C) transforms cellular energy
U
D) initiates aerobic metabolism
2. Although energy is not made in mitochondria, they are known as the power
VI
plants of the cell because they:
A) contain RNA for protein synthesis.
B) utilize glycolysis for oxidative energy.
A
C) extract energy from organic compounds.
D) store calcium bonds for muscle contractions.
AP
3. Although the basic structure of the cell plasma membrane is formed by a lipid
bilayer, most of the specific membrane functions are carried out by:
A) bound and transmembrane proteins.
PR
B) complex, long carbohydrate chains.
C) surface antigens and hormone receptors.
D) a gating system of selective ion channels.
OV
4. To effectively relay signals, cell-to-cell communication utilizes chemical
messenger systems that:
A) displace surface receptor proteins.
ED
B) accumulate within cell gap junctions.
C) bind to contractile microfilaments.
D) release secretions into extracellular fluid.
??
5. Aerobic metabolism, also known as oxidative metabolism, provides energy by:
, A) removing the phosphate bonds from ATP.
B) combining hydrogen and oxygen to form water.
C) activating pyruvate stored in the cytoplasm.
ST
D) breaking down glucose to form lactic acid.
6. Exocytosis, the reverse of endocytosis, is important in into the
extracellular fluid.
U
A) Engulfing and ingesting fluid and proteins for transport
B) Killing, degrading, and dissolving harmful microorganisms
VI
C) Removing cellular debris and releasing synthesized substances
D) Destruction of particles by lysosomal enzymes for secretion
A
7. The process responsible for generating and conducting membrane potentials is:
A) diffusion of current-carrying ions.
AP
B) millivoltage of electrical potential.
C) polarization of charged particles.
D) ion channel neurotransmission.
PR
8. Epithelial tissues are classified according to the shape of the cells and the
number of layers. Which of the following is a correctly matched description
and type of epithelial tissue?
OV
A) Simple epithelium: cells in contact with intercellular matrix; some do not
extend to surface
B) Stratified epithelium: single layer of cells; all cells rest on basement
membrane
ED
C) Glandular epithelium: arise from surface epithelia and underlying
connective tissue
D) Pseudostratified epithelium: multiple layers of cells; deepest layer rests on
basement membrane
??
9. Connective tissue contains fibroblasts that are responsible for:
A) providing a fibrous framework for capillaries.
B) synthesis of collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers.
, C) forming tendons and the fascia that covers muscles.
D) filling spaces between tissues to keep organs in place.
10. Although all muscle tissue cells have some similarities, smooth muscle (also
known as involuntary muscle) differs by:
ST
A) having dense bodies attached to actin filaments.
B) containing sarcomeres between Z lines and M bands.
U
C) having rapid contractions and abundant cross-striations.
D) contracting in response to increased intracellular calcium.
VI
11. Which of the following aspects of the function of the nucleus is performed by
ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?
A
A) Copying and carrying DNA instructions for protein synthesis
B) Carrying amino acids to the site of protein synthesis
AP
C) Providing the site where protein synthesis occurs
D) Regulating and controlling protein synthesis
12. Breakdown and removal of foreign substances and worn-out cell parts are
performed by which of the following organelles?
PR
A) Lysosomes
B) Golgi apparatus
OV
C) Ribosomes
D) Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
13. Impairment in the function of peroxisomes would result in:
A) inadequate sites for protein synthesis.
ED
B) an inability to transport cellular products across the cell membrane.
C) insufficient energy production within a cell.
??
D) accumulation of free radicals in the cytoplasm.
14. After several months of trying to conceive, a couple is undergoing fertility
testing. Semen analysis indicates that the mans sperm have decreased motility,
a finding that is thought to underlie the couples inability to become pregnant.
, Which of the following cellular components may be defective within the mans
sperm?
A) Ribosomes
B) Microtubules
ST
C) Mitochondria
D) Microfilaments
U
15. Which of the following statements is true of glycolysis?
A) Glycolysis requires oxygen.
VI
B) Glycolysis occurs in cells without mitochondria.
C) Glycolysis provides the majority of the bodys energy needs.
A
D) Glycolysis produces energy, water, and carbon dioxide.
16. Which of the following membrane transport mechanisms requires the greatest
AP
amount of energy?
A) Facilitated diffusion
B) Passive transport
PR
C) Vesicular transport
D) Simple diffusion
17. A male patient with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus is experiencing
OV
hyperglycemia because he lacks sufficient insulin to increase the availability of
glucose transporters in his cell membranes. Consequently, his cells lack
intracellular glucose and it accumulates in his blood. Which of the following
processes would best allow glucose to cross his cell membranes?
A) Facilitated diffusion
ED
B) Simple diffusion
C) Secondary active transport
??
D) Endocytosis
18. Which of the following statements is true of skeletal muscle cells?
A) Skeletal muscle cells each have an apical, lateral, and basal surface.
1. The nucleus , which is essential for function and survival of the cell.
A) is the site of protein synthesis
ST
B) contains the genetic code
C) transforms cellular energy
U
D) initiates aerobic metabolism
2. Although energy is not made in mitochondria, they are known as the power
VI
plants of the cell because they:
A) contain RNA for protein synthesis.
B) utilize glycolysis for oxidative energy.
A
C) extract energy from organic compounds.
D) store calcium bonds for muscle contractions.
AP
3. Although the basic structure of the cell plasma membrane is formed by a lipid
bilayer, most of the specific membrane functions are carried out by:
A) bound and transmembrane proteins.
PR
B) complex, long carbohydrate chains.
C) surface antigens and hormone receptors.
D) a gating system of selective ion channels.
OV
4. To effectively relay signals, cell-to-cell communication utilizes chemical
messenger systems that:
A) displace surface receptor proteins.
ED
B) accumulate within cell gap junctions.
C) bind to contractile microfilaments.
D) release secretions into extracellular fluid.
??
5. Aerobic metabolism, also known as oxidative metabolism, provides energy by:
, A) removing the phosphate bonds from ATP.
B) combining hydrogen and oxygen to form water.
C) activating pyruvate stored in the cytoplasm.
ST
D) breaking down glucose to form lactic acid.
6. Exocytosis, the reverse of endocytosis, is important in into the
extracellular fluid.
U
A) Engulfing and ingesting fluid and proteins for transport
B) Killing, degrading, and dissolving harmful microorganisms
VI
C) Removing cellular debris and releasing synthesized substances
D) Destruction of particles by lysosomal enzymes for secretion
A
7. The process responsible for generating and conducting membrane potentials is:
A) diffusion of current-carrying ions.
AP
B) millivoltage of electrical potential.
C) polarization of charged particles.
D) ion channel neurotransmission.
PR
8. Epithelial tissues are classified according to the shape of the cells and the
number of layers. Which of the following is a correctly matched description
and type of epithelial tissue?
OV
A) Simple epithelium: cells in contact with intercellular matrix; some do not
extend to surface
B) Stratified epithelium: single layer of cells; all cells rest on basement
membrane
ED
C) Glandular epithelium: arise from surface epithelia and underlying
connective tissue
D) Pseudostratified epithelium: multiple layers of cells; deepest layer rests on
basement membrane
??
9. Connective tissue contains fibroblasts that are responsible for:
A) providing a fibrous framework for capillaries.
B) synthesis of collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers.
, C) forming tendons and the fascia that covers muscles.
D) filling spaces between tissues to keep organs in place.
10. Although all muscle tissue cells have some similarities, smooth muscle (also
known as involuntary muscle) differs by:
ST
A) having dense bodies attached to actin filaments.
B) containing sarcomeres between Z lines and M bands.
U
C) having rapid contractions and abundant cross-striations.
D) contracting in response to increased intracellular calcium.
VI
11. Which of the following aspects of the function of the nucleus is performed by
ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?
A
A) Copying and carrying DNA instructions for protein synthesis
B) Carrying amino acids to the site of protein synthesis
AP
C) Providing the site where protein synthesis occurs
D) Regulating and controlling protein synthesis
12. Breakdown and removal of foreign substances and worn-out cell parts are
performed by which of the following organelles?
PR
A) Lysosomes
B) Golgi apparatus
OV
C) Ribosomes
D) Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
13. Impairment in the function of peroxisomes would result in:
A) inadequate sites for protein synthesis.
ED
B) an inability to transport cellular products across the cell membrane.
C) insufficient energy production within a cell.
??
D) accumulation of free radicals in the cytoplasm.
14. After several months of trying to conceive, a couple is undergoing fertility
testing. Semen analysis indicates that the mans sperm have decreased motility,
a finding that is thought to underlie the couples inability to become pregnant.
, Which of the following cellular components may be defective within the mans
sperm?
A) Ribosomes
B) Microtubules
ST
C) Mitochondria
D) Microfilaments
U
15. Which of the following statements is true of glycolysis?
A) Glycolysis requires oxygen.
VI
B) Glycolysis occurs in cells without mitochondria.
C) Glycolysis provides the majority of the bodys energy needs.
A
D) Glycolysis produces energy, water, and carbon dioxide.
16. Which of the following membrane transport mechanisms requires the greatest
AP
amount of energy?
A) Facilitated diffusion
B) Passive transport
PR
C) Vesicular transport
D) Simple diffusion
17. A male patient with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus is experiencing
OV
hyperglycemia because he lacks sufficient insulin to increase the availability of
glucose transporters in his cell membranes. Consequently, his cells lack
intracellular glucose and it accumulates in his blood. Which of the following
processes would best allow glucose to cross his cell membranes?
A) Facilitated diffusion
ED
B) Simple diffusion
C) Secondary active transport
??
D) Endocytosis
18. Which of the following statements is true of skeletal muscle cells?
A) Skeletal muscle cells each have an apical, lateral, and basal surface.
