NUR 1211 Cardiac - : Questions With Focused Answers
Atherosclerosis Right Ans - condition in which fatty deposits called plaque
build up on the inner walls of the arteries
- dx by serum lipid profile
Normal cholesterol level Right Ans - <200 mg/dL
Normal triglyceride level Right Ans - around 40
Normal HDL (good lipid) level Right Ans - 40+ mg/dL
Normal LDL level Right Ans - <100 mg/dL
Arteriosclerosis Right Ans - hardening of the arteries
- happens in conjunction with atherosclerosis
s/s: intermittent claudication, dizziness, paleness
tx: lifestyle changes, meds (vasodilators)
antilipemic meds Right Ans - 'statins
- reduces cholesterol within 2 weeks of starting
top se: muscle weakness/pain bc it can l/t rhabdo
- need liver tests every 6mos
CAD Right Ans - obstruction of 75% of one or more coronary arteries
s/s: similar to angina: SOB, tachy, ischemia (lack of blood flow to area)
CAD treatment: Right Ans - quit smoking, diet, exercise, control of angina,
hypertension, anticoagulant therapy
what is major risk factor for heart disease Right Ans - smoking
angina Right Ans - insufficient coronary blood flow- cardiac muscles
deprived of oxygen
- most common cause: narrow lumen
stable angina Right Ans - chest pain that occurs when a person is active or
under severe stress, relieved with rest or nitro
, unstable angina Right Ans - chest pain that occurs while a person is at rest
and not exerting himself
- s/s: pressure or squeezing sensation in left arm, feeling a sense of doom
- not received with rest or nitro
medical management of angina Right Ans - o2, telly monitoring, frequent
VS, have cardiac labs drawn
meds for long term angina prevention Right Ans - vasodilators, beta
blockers, calcium channel blockers
side effects of nitrates Right Ans - headache, dizziness, hypotension,
flushing, faintness. take Tylenol for headache
how is nitro taken Right Ans - can be taken every 5 minutes for 3 tries, if
pain is not relieved, go to hospital. Do not exceed 3 tabs.
HTN Right Ans - normal range 90/60-120/80
3 types: essential, secondary, malignant
nonpharmalogical measures for HTN Right Ans - low fat/salt diet, smoking
cessation, exercise, relaxation and stress management
pharmacological measures for HTN Right Ans - alpha-adrengic blockers,
beta blockers, alpha beta blockers, alpha2 adrenergic agonist, ACE inhibitors,
angiotensin ll blockers, calcium channel blockers
calcium channel blockers Right Ans - decrease calcium levels which slows
electrical conduction in heart, decrease contractility
- 'pines
- pts taking should not drink grapefruit juice
alpha adrengic blockers Right Ans - dilates vessels
- se: tachy, wt gain, nausea, sexual dysfunction
- sometimes given with lasix
beta blockers Right Ans - baby the heart: decreases HR, decreases
incontractility and o2 demand, and dilates arteries by blocking beta receptors
- 'olols (common ex: propranolol)
Atherosclerosis Right Ans - condition in which fatty deposits called plaque
build up on the inner walls of the arteries
- dx by serum lipid profile
Normal cholesterol level Right Ans - <200 mg/dL
Normal triglyceride level Right Ans - around 40
Normal HDL (good lipid) level Right Ans - 40+ mg/dL
Normal LDL level Right Ans - <100 mg/dL
Arteriosclerosis Right Ans - hardening of the arteries
- happens in conjunction with atherosclerosis
s/s: intermittent claudication, dizziness, paleness
tx: lifestyle changes, meds (vasodilators)
antilipemic meds Right Ans - 'statins
- reduces cholesterol within 2 weeks of starting
top se: muscle weakness/pain bc it can l/t rhabdo
- need liver tests every 6mos
CAD Right Ans - obstruction of 75% of one or more coronary arteries
s/s: similar to angina: SOB, tachy, ischemia (lack of blood flow to area)
CAD treatment: Right Ans - quit smoking, diet, exercise, control of angina,
hypertension, anticoagulant therapy
what is major risk factor for heart disease Right Ans - smoking
angina Right Ans - insufficient coronary blood flow- cardiac muscles
deprived of oxygen
- most common cause: narrow lumen
stable angina Right Ans - chest pain that occurs when a person is active or
under severe stress, relieved with rest or nitro
, unstable angina Right Ans - chest pain that occurs while a person is at rest
and not exerting himself
- s/s: pressure or squeezing sensation in left arm, feeling a sense of doom
- not received with rest or nitro
medical management of angina Right Ans - o2, telly monitoring, frequent
VS, have cardiac labs drawn
meds for long term angina prevention Right Ans - vasodilators, beta
blockers, calcium channel blockers
side effects of nitrates Right Ans - headache, dizziness, hypotension,
flushing, faintness. take Tylenol for headache
how is nitro taken Right Ans - can be taken every 5 minutes for 3 tries, if
pain is not relieved, go to hospital. Do not exceed 3 tabs.
HTN Right Ans - normal range 90/60-120/80
3 types: essential, secondary, malignant
nonpharmalogical measures for HTN Right Ans - low fat/salt diet, smoking
cessation, exercise, relaxation and stress management
pharmacological measures for HTN Right Ans - alpha-adrengic blockers,
beta blockers, alpha beta blockers, alpha2 adrenergic agonist, ACE inhibitors,
angiotensin ll blockers, calcium channel blockers
calcium channel blockers Right Ans - decrease calcium levels which slows
electrical conduction in heart, decrease contractility
- 'pines
- pts taking should not drink grapefruit juice
alpha adrengic blockers Right Ans - dilates vessels
- se: tachy, wt gain, nausea, sexual dysfunction
- sometimes given with lasix
beta blockers Right Ans - baby the heart: decreases HR, decreases
incontractility and o2 demand, and dilates arteries by blocking beta receptors
- 'olols (common ex: propranolol)
