Gastrointestinal System: Study Guide
____ is characterized by chronic or periodic diarrhea, alternating with constipation - ansirritable bowel
syndrome
______ lessen vomiting. Give an example. - ansAntidopaminergics
_______ is gas caused by byproduct of microbial breakdown of food (e.g., broccoli, onions, garlic) -
ansflatulence
ABSORPTION: What are nutrients used for? - ansfor energy and as building blocks for larger complex chemicals
After the breakdown in the stomach, the acidic mixtures becomes ____. - anschyme
All of these are treatments for IBS except for which one?
a. antidiarrheals
b. antispasmotics (dicyclomine)
c. Alosetron
d. antiemetics
e. bile acid sequestrates (cholestyramine) - ansd
Antihistamines/anticholinergics are used for emesis because they usually help with motion sickness. Give a
common example. - ansDramamine (dimenhydrinate)
Appendicitis occurs when you have inflammation of the lining of the appendix. What is the name of the surgical
procedure used to remove it? - ansappendoctomy
Constipation is another condition where there is a lack of defecation or someone has hard, dry stools. What is
one of the main causes? - anslack of fiber in diet
, Crohn's Disease is chronic inflammation of the intestines causing ulcerations in the small and large intestinal
lining. What drugs would you expect to help with inflammation? - anscorticosteroids
Drug treatments for diarrhea have absorbent and/or protectant qualities. What are the three OTC drugs for
diarrhea? - ansKaopectate, FiberCon, and Pepto-Bismol
Emesis is another word for ____ - ansvomiting
EXCRETION: What are the four main sections of the large intestine? - anscecum, colon, rectum, and anus
Fats are broken down by bile (______), then by lipases (enzymes) - ansemulsification
For mild symptoms (rectal bleeding, stomach pain, cramps, etc.) you can use _______, corticosteroids, and 5-
________ - ansantidiarrheals, 5-aminosalicylates
GERD occurs when the ____ _____ relaxes and acidic contents back up into the esophagus causing burning
sensations in the chest and throat - anscardiac sphincter
Histmine2 antagonists help with GERD by binding to histamine-2 receptor sites, lowering acid secretions. Give
the two top 200 drugs under this category - ansPepcid (famotidine) and Zantac (ranitidine)
Mouth and throat conditions can vary but all medications usually contain alcohol and phenol bases as well as
benzocaines. What is the purpose of these agents? - answell the alcohols/phenols are antiseptics to kill
bacteria and the benzocaines/menthol can help with the pain since they are anesthetics
Peptic Ulcer disease is a chronic condition that causes sores in the lining of the stomach and/or duodenum.
What is the cause of it? - ansHelicobacter pylori- a gram-negative bacillus that embeds itself in the mucosal
lining of the stomach, duodenum, and rectum
____ is characterized by chronic or periodic diarrhea, alternating with constipation - ansirritable bowel
syndrome
______ lessen vomiting. Give an example. - ansAntidopaminergics
_______ is gas caused by byproduct of microbial breakdown of food (e.g., broccoli, onions, garlic) -
ansflatulence
ABSORPTION: What are nutrients used for? - ansfor energy and as building blocks for larger complex chemicals
After the breakdown in the stomach, the acidic mixtures becomes ____. - anschyme
All of these are treatments for IBS except for which one?
a. antidiarrheals
b. antispasmotics (dicyclomine)
c. Alosetron
d. antiemetics
e. bile acid sequestrates (cholestyramine) - ansd
Antihistamines/anticholinergics are used for emesis because they usually help with motion sickness. Give a
common example. - ansDramamine (dimenhydrinate)
Appendicitis occurs when you have inflammation of the lining of the appendix. What is the name of the surgical
procedure used to remove it? - ansappendoctomy
Constipation is another condition where there is a lack of defecation or someone has hard, dry stools. What is
one of the main causes? - anslack of fiber in diet
, Crohn's Disease is chronic inflammation of the intestines causing ulcerations in the small and large intestinal
lining. What drugs would you expect to help with inflammation? - anscorticosteroids
Drug treatments for diarrhea have absorbent and/or protectant qualities. What are the three OTC drugs for
diarrhea? - ansKaopectate, FiberCon, and Pepto-Bismol
Emesis is another word for ____ - ansvomiting
EXCRETION: What are the four main sections of the large intestine? - anscecum, colon, rectum, and anus
Fats are broken down by bile (______), then by lipases (enzymes) - ansemulsification
For mild symptoms (rectal bleeding, stomach pain, cramps, etc.) you can use _______, corticosteroids, and 5-
________ - ansantidiarrheals, 5-aminosalicylates
GERD occurs when the ____ _____ relaxes and acidic contents back up into the esophagus causing burning
sensations in the chest and throat - anscardiac sphincter
Histmine2 antagonists help with GERD by binding to histamine-2 receptor sites, lowering acid secretions. Give
the two top 200 drugs under this category - ansPepcid (famotidine) and Zantac (ranitidine)
Mouth and throat conditions can vary but all medications usually contain alcohol and phenol bases as well as
benzocaines. What is the purpose of these agents? - answell the alcohols/phenols are antiseptics to kill
bacteria and the benzocaines/menthol can help with the pain since they are anesthetics
Peptic Ulcer disease is a chronic condition that causes sores in the lining of the stomach and/or duodenum.
What is the cause of it? - ansHelicobacter pylori- a gram-negative bacillus that embeds itself in the mucosal
lining of the stomach, duodenum, and rectum
