TEST BANK for Human Learning
g g g g g
8th Edition Ormrod,CHAPTER 1 - 15
g g g g g
, CHAPTERg1
PERSPECTIVESgONgLEARNING
MultiplegChoicegQuestions
Humangbeingsgundoubtedlyglearngmoregduringgthegcoursegofgaglifetimegthanga
nygothergspeciesgongearth.gThegmajorgresultgofgthisgcapacitygtoglearngisgthat:
Newginstinctsgbegingtogemerge.
Humangthoughtgbecomesglessglogicalgwithgeachggeneration.gHu
mansgcangbenefitgfromgtheirgexperiences.
Humansgaregthegonlygspeciesgwhosegbehaviorgcannotgbeganalyzedgingterm
sgofgstimuligandgresponses.
Threegofgthegfollowinggaregexamplesgofglearning.gWhichgonegisgnot?
Abigailgcriesgwhengshegstepsgongagsharpgpebble.
Aftergmanyghoursgofgheatedgdebate,gBriangbeginsgtogadvocategp
oliticalgpracticesgheghasgpreviouslygopposed.
Caragsuddenlygrecognizesghowgthegdivisiongfactg―24g’g4g=g6‖gisgrelatedgto
gthegmultiplicationgfactg―6gxg4g=g24.‖
DavidghasgbeengrunninggawaygfromgGermangshepherdsgevergsinceghegwas
gbittengbygagGermangshepherdgtwogyearsgago.
Reyneldaghasgtroublegtracinggagcomplexgshapegwithgagpencilgwhengshegisgingki
ndergarten,gbutgshegcangdogitgquitegwellgbygthegtimegshegisgingsecondggrade.gIsgthis
ganginstancegofglearning?
Yes,gbecauseghergbehaviorghasgchanged.
No,gbecausegthegcircumstancesgaregtoogdissimilar.
Maybe,galthoughgthegchangegmaygsimplygbegduegtogphysiologic
algmaturation.
Maybe,gbutgonlygifgshegisgbeinggreinforcedgforgtracinggaccurately.
2
, Chapterg1g–gPerspectivesgongLearning
Threegofgthegfollowinggillustrategvariousgwaysgthatglearninggmightg beg reflected
gingagperson‘sgbehavior.gWhichgonegofgthegfollowinggchangesgdoesgnotgnecessarilyg
reflectglearning?
Althoughgit‘sgagschoolgnight,gDeangplaysgvideoggamesguntilgwellgpastghisgu
sualgbedtime.gAsghegbecomesgmoregtired,ghegfindsgitgincreasinglygdifficultg
togconcentrategongwhatghe‘sgdoing.
Evengasgagyounggchild,gJerrygcouldgtellgyougthatghisggrandparentsgi
mmigratedgtogthegUnitedgStatesgfromgIreland.gButgaftergagconversat
iongwithghisggrandmother,ghegcangnowgdescribegthegcircumstancesg
ofgthegfamily‘sgimmigrationgingconsiderablegdetail.
Daygaftergday,gMartingpracticesghisgbasketballgskillsg (shooting,gdribbling,
getc.)gongagbasketballgcourtgatgaglocalgpark.gWithgeachgpracticegsession,ghisg
movementsgbecomegfastergandgsmoother.
Lewisgoccasionallygasksgforghelpgwhengheghasgdifficultygwithghisgclassw
ork,gbutgmostgofgthegtimeghegjustgstrugglesgquietlygonghisgown.gAfterghisgt
eachergassuresghimgthatgaskinggforghelpgisgnotgagsigngofgweaknessgorginab
ility,ghegbeginsgaskinggforghelpgmuchgmoregfrequently.
researchgexaminesglearninggingtightlygcontrolledgsettingsgand
researchgexaminesglearninggingreal-worldgsettings.
Applied;gBasicgBasi
c;gQualitativegQualit
ative;gAppliedgBasic
;gApplied
Agprinciplegofglearninggcangbestgbegcharacterizedgas:
Agdescriptiongofgthegresultsgofgagparticulargresearchgstudy
Agstatementgthatgdescribesghowgagparticulargfactorgaffectsglearning
Thegmeasurementgofghowgmuchglearningghasgoccurredgingagpart
iculargsituation
Angexplanationgofgthegunderlyinggprocessesgthroughgwhichglearninggoccurs
Agtheorygofglearninggcangbestgbegcharacterizedgas:
Agdescriptiongofgthegresultsgofgagparticulargresearchgstudy
Agstatementgthatgdescribesghowgagparticulargfactorgaffectsglearning
Thegmeasurementgofghowgmuchglearningghasgoccurredgingagpart
iculargsituation
Angexplanationgofgthegunderlyinggprocessesgthroughgwhichglearninggoccurs
3
, Chapterg1g–gPerspectivesgongLearning
Threegofgthegfollowinggaregprinciplesgofglearning.gWhichgonegisgagtheory
ofglearninggrathergthangagprinciple?
Agbehaviorgthatgisgfollowedgbygpunishmentgdecreasesgingfrequency.
Peopleglearngbygmakinggmentalgassociationsgbetweengnewginformationga
ndgtheirgexistinggknowledge.
Agresponsegthatgisgrewardedgeverygtimegitgoccursgincreasesgmoregra
pidlygthangagresponsegthatgisgonlygoccasionallygrewarded.
Studentsgtendgtogremembergmoregofgaglecturegifgtheygtakegnotesgongt
heglecture‘sgcontent.
Whichgonegofgthegfollowinggcommongsayingsgbestgreflectsgthegconceptgof
gintrospection?
―Wheregthere‘sgagwill,gthere‘sgagway.‖
―Nothinggventured,gnothingggained.‖
―Agpennygforg yourgthoughts.‖
―Oldghabitsgdieghard.‖
Whichgonegofgthegfollowinggcommongsayingsgbestgreflectsgthegbasicg
premisegunderlyinggsocialglearninggtheory?
―Monkeyg see,g monkeyg do.‖
―Sparegthegrodgandgspoilgthegchild.‖
―Agfriendgingneedgisgagfriendgindeed.‖
―Agrollinggstoneggathersgnogmoss.‖
Whichgonegofgthegfollowinggstatementsgprovidesgthegmostgcrediblegexplanatio
ngforgthegfactgthatghumangbeingsgseemgtogsurpassgallgotherganimalgspeciesgingtheir
gthinkinggandglearninggcapacities?
Onlyghumangbeingsghavegthegcapabilitygtogmakegtools.
Humansgcommunicategregularlygwithgoneganothergand,gingdoinggso,gpa
ssgalonggwhatgthey‘veglearnedgtogfutureggenerations.
Humangbeingsghavegaghugegrepertoiregofginstinctualgbehaviorsgfromgwhic
hgtheygcangdrawgwhengtheygencountergnewgexperiences.
Humangbrainsgaregsmallergthangthosegofgothergintelligentgspeciesg(e.g.,gel
ephants,gdolphins)gandgthereforegcangtransmitgmessagesgmoregquicklygan
dgefficiently.
4
g g g g g
8th Edition Ormrod,CHAPTER 1 - 15
g g g g g
, CHAPTERg1
PERSPECTIVESgONgLEARNING
MultiplegChoicegQuestions
Humangbeingsgundoubtedlyglearngmoregduringgthegcoursegofgaglifetimegthanga
nygothergspeciesgongearth.gThegmajorgresultgofgthisgcapacitygtoglearngisgthat:
Newginstinctsgbegingtogemerge.
Humangthoughtgbecomesglessglogicalgwithgeachggeneration.gHu
mansgcangbenefitgfromgtheirgexperiences.
Humansgaregthegonlygspeciesgwhosegbehaviorgcannotgbeganalyzedgingterm
sgofgstimuligandgresponses.
Threegofgthegfollowinggaregexamplesgofglearning.gWhichgonegisgnot?
Abigailgcriesgwhengshegstepsgongagsharpgpebble.
Aftergmanyghoursgofgheatedgdebate,gBriangbeginsgtogadvocategp
oliticalgpracticesgheghasgpreviouslygopposed.
Caragsuddenlygrecognizesghowgthegdivisiongfactg―24g’g4g=g6‖gisgrelatedgto
gthegmultiplicationgfactg―6gxg4g=g24.‖
DavidghasgbeengrunninggawaygfromgGermangshepherdsgevergsinceghegwas
gbittengbygagGermangshepherdgtwogyearsgago.
Reyneldaghasgtroublegtracinggagcomplexgshapegwithgagpencilgwhengshegisgingki
ndergarten,gbutgshegcangdogitgquitegwellgbygthegtimegshegisgingsecondggrade.gIsgthis
ganginstancegofglearning?
Yes,gbecauseghergbehaviorghasgchanged.
No,gbecausegthegcircumstancesgaregtoogdissimilar.
Maybe,galthoughgthegchangegmaygsimplygbegduegtogphysiologic
algmaturation.
Maybe,gbutgonlygifgshegisgbeinggreinforcedgforgtracinggaccurately.
2
, Chapterg1g–gPerspectivesgongLearning
Threegofgthegfollowinggillustrategvariousgwaysgthatglearninggmightg beg reflected
gingagperson‘sgbehavior.gWhichgonegofgthegfollowinggchangesgdoesgnotgnecessarilyg
reflectglearning?
Althoughgit‘sgagschoolgnight,gDeangplaysgvideoggamesguntilgwellgpastghisgu
sualgbedtime.gAsghegbecomesgmoregtired,ghegfindsgitgincreasinglygdifficultg
togconcentrategongwhatghe‘sgdoing.
Evengasgagyounggchild,gJerrygcouldgtellgyougthatghisggrandparentsgi
mmigratedgtogthegUnitedgStatesgfromgIreland.gButgaftergagconversat
iongwithghisggrandmother,ghegcangnowgdescribegthegcircumstancesg
ofgthegfamily‘sgimmigrationgingconsiderablegdetail.
Daygaftergday,gMartingpracticesghisgbasketballgskillsg (shooting,gdribbling,
getc.)gongagbasketballgcourtgatgaglocalgpark.gWithgeachgpracticegsession,ghisg
movementsgbecomegfastergandgsmoother.
Lewisgoccasionallygasksgforghelpgwhengheghasgdifficultygwithghisgclassw
ork,gbutgmostgofgthegtimeghegjustgstrugglesgquietlygonghisgown.gAfterghisgt
eachergassuresghimgthatgaskinggforghelpgisgnotgagsigngofgweaknessgorginab
ility,ghegbeginsgaskinggforghelpgmuchgmoregfrequently.
researchgexaminesglearninggingtightlygcontrolledgsettingsgand
researchgexaminesglearninggingreal-worldgsettings.
Applied;gBasicgBasi
c;gQualitativegQualit
ative;gAppliedgBasic
;gApplied
Agprinciplegofglearninggcangbestgbegcharacterizedgas:
Agdescriptiongofgthegresultsgofgagparticulargresearchgstudy
Agstatementgthatgdescribesghowgagparticulargfactorgaffectsglearning
Thegmeasurementgofghowgmuchglearningghasgoccurredgingagpart
iculargsituation
Angexplanationgofgthegunderlyinggprocessesgthroughgwhichglearninggoccurs
Agtheorygofglearninggcangbestgbegcharacterizedgas:
Agdescriptiongofgthegresultsgofgagparticulargresearchgstudy
Agstatementgthatgdescribesghowgagparticulargfactorgaffectsglearning
Thegmeasurementgofghowgmuchglearningghasgoccurredgingagpart
iculargsituation
Angexplanationgofgthegunderlyinggprocessesgthroughgwhichglearninggoccurs
3
, Chapterg1g–gPerspectivesgongLearning
Threegofgthegfollowinggaregprinciplesgofglearning.gWhichgonegisgagtheory
ofglearninggrathergthangagprinciple?
Agbehaviorgthatgisgfollowedgbygpunishmentgdecreasesgingfrequency.
Peopleglearngbygmakinggmentalgassociationsgbetweengnewginformationga
ndgtheirgexistinggknowledge.
Agresponsegthatgisgrewardedgeverygtimegitgoccursgincreasesgmoregra
pidlygthangagresponsegthatgisgonlygoccasionallygrewarded.
Studentsgtendgtogremembergmoregofgaglecturegifgtheygtakegnotesgongt
heglecture‘sgcontent.
Whichgonegofgthegfollowinggcommongsayingsgbestgreflectsgthegconceptgof
gintrospection?
―Wheregthere‘sgagwill,gthere‘sgagway.‖
―Nothinggventured,gnothingggained.‖
―Agpennygforg yourgthoughts.‖
―Oldghabitsgdieghard.‖
Whichgonegofgthegfollowinggcommongsayingsgbestgreflectsgthegbasicg
premisegunderlyinggsocialglearninggtheory?
―Monkeyg see,g monkeyg do.‖
―Sparegthegrodgandgspoilgthegchild.‖
―Agfriendgingneedgisgagfriendgindeed.‖
―Agrollinggstoneggathersgnogmoss.‖
Whichgonegofgthegfollowinggstatementsgprovidesgthegmostgcrediblegexplanatio
ngforgthegfactgthatghumangbeingsgseemgtogsurpassgallgotherganimalgspeciesgingtheir
gthinkinggandglearninggcapacities?
Onlyghumangbeingsghavegthegcapabilitygtogmakegtools.
Humansgcommunicategregularlygwithgoneganothergand,gingdoinggso,gpa
ssgalonggwhatgthey‘veglearnedgtogfutureggenerations.
Humangbeingsghavegaghugegrepertoiregofginstinctualgbehaviorsgfromgwhic
hgtheygcangdrawgwhengtheygencountergnewgexperiences.
Humangbrainsgaregsmallergthangthosegofgothergintelligentgspeciesg(e.g.,gel
ephants,gdolphins)gandgthereforegcangtransmitgmessagesgmoregquicklygan
dgefficiently.
4
