NUR 2633 Exam 3 Study Guide
Nutrition during pregnancy
Requirements for calories and almost all nutrients increase during pregnancy.
Nutritional deficits at conception and during early prenatal period may influence the outcome of
the pregnancy.
Iron deficiency
Average iron in diet is 15-18mg per day; During pregnancy should be 72mg per day.
Increase lean meats, dark green leafy vegetables, egg, whole grain and enriched breads and
cereals.
To enhance absorption of iron, eat or take vitamin C, taking iron supplement with vitamin C
source such as orange juice to increase absorption of iron.
Hyperemesis Gravidarum
Excessive vomiting during pregnancy rare condition occurring in about 0.3% to 2% of all
pregnancies in which nausea and vomiting are so severe that they affect hydration nutritional
status.
Dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, acidosis, weigh loss, ketonuria and possibly hepatic and
renal damage are attributable to hyperemesis.
Treatment: Control vomiting, correct dehydration, restore electrolyte balance and maintain
adequate nutrition. Avoid environmental triggers such as odors, stuffy rooms, heat, humidity,
noise, visual or physical motion, brushing teeth after meals, and not getting enough rest.
, Small frequent meals of high carbohydrate, low fat content may be helpful. Carbonated or sour
beverages taken in small quantities between meals also help, pyridoxine (vitamin B6) is first line
pharmacological treatment alone or with doxylamine succinate an antihistaminethat improves
efficacy.
HIV
Transmission can occur during pregnancy and through breast milk.
Majority of infection occurs during labor/birth.
No prophylactic meds for HIV infected moms = about 25% risk of infection for newborn.
Mom who receives prophylactic antiviral therapy & gives birth by elective C-section @38 weeks
before rupture of membranes and avoids breasting feeding it reduces the risk to 2% or less.
Weight gain during pregnancy
Optimal weight gain depends on the woman’s weight for height (BMI) and her prepregnant
nutritional state.
Underweight- BMI 18.5 or below; Total: 28-40lbs; 1st& 2nd trimester: 1-1.3lbs weekly.
Normal weight- BMI 18.5-24.9; Total: 25-35lbs; 1st&2nd trimester: 0.8-1lb weekly.
Overweight- BMI 25-29.9; Total: 15-25lbs; 1st&2nd trimester: 0.5-0.7 weekly.
Obese- BMI above 30; Total: 11-20lbs; 1st&2nd trimester: 0.4-0.6 weekly.
Normal weight gain:
First Trimester: 0.5 to 2kg (1.1 to 4.4 lbs)
2nd and 3rd Trimester: 0.45kg per week.
Nutrition during pregnancy
Requirements for calories and almost all nutrients increase during pregnancy.
Nutritional deficits at conception and during early prenatal period may influence the outcome of
the pregnancy.
Iron deficiency
Average iron in diet is 15-18mg per day; During pregnancy should be 72mg per day.
Increase lean meats, dark green leafy vegetables, egg, whole grain and enriched breads and
cereals.
To enhance absorption of iron, eat or take vitamin C, taking iron supplement with vitamin C
source such as orange juice to increase absorption of iron.
Hyperemesis Gravidarum
Excessive vomiting during pregnancy rare condition occurring in about 0.3% to 2% of all
pregnancies in which nausea and vomiting are so severe that they affect hydration nutritional
status.
Dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, acidosis, weigh loss, ketonuria and possibly hepatic and
renal damage are attributable to hyperemesis.
Treatment: Control vomiting, correct dehydration, restore electrolyte balance and maintain
adequate nutrition. Avoid environmental triggers such as odors, stuffy rooms, heat, humidity,
noise, visual or physical motion, brushing teeth after meals, and not getting enough rest.
, Small frequent meals of high carbohydrate, low fat content may be helpful. Carbonated or sour
beverages taken in small quantities between meals also help, pyridoxine (vitamin B6) is first line
pharmacological treatment alone or with doxylamine succinate an antihistaminethat improves
efficacy.
HIV
Transmission can occur during pregnancy and through breast milk.
Majority of infection occurs during labor/birth.
No prophylactic meds for HIV infected moms = about 25% risk of infection for newborn.
Mom who receives prophylactic antiviral therapy & gives birth by elective C-section @38 weeks
before rupture of membranes and avoids breasting feeding it reduces the risk to 2% or less.
Weight gain during pregnancy
Optimal weight gain depends on the woman’s weight for height (BMI) and her prepregnant
nutritional state.
Underweight- BMI 18.5 or below; Total: 28-40lbs; 1st& 2nd trimester: 1-1.3lbs weekly.
Normal weight- BMI 18.5-24.9; Total: 25-35lbs; 1st&2nd trimester: 0.8-1lb weekly.
Overweight- BMI 25-29.9; Total: 15-25lbs; 1st&2nd trimester: 0.5-0.7 weekly.
Obese- BMI above 30; Total: 11-20lbs; 1st&2nd trimester: 0.4-0.6 weekly.
Normal weight gain:
First Trimester: 0.5 to 2kg (1.1 to 4.4 lbs)
2nd and 3rd Trimester: 0.45kg per week.
