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First Triumvirate - ✔✔Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus
Pompey - ✔✔Leading Roman general in the late Republic.
As a statesman, he spoke poorly and awkwardly, and often fell back on
silence because he could think of nothing to say.
Main ambition was to be admired as Rome's greatest hero.
Marcus Licinius Crassus - ✔✔Was of nobility, and was noted for his
ambition and business savvy, particularly in the acquisition of burned
property, which he would repair or rebuild for a profit.
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,Put down the rebellion of Spartacus
The Consulship of Pompey and Crassus - ✔✔In 70 B.C., both Pompey and
Crassus were elected as consuls.
1. Passed a law to restore to the tribunes all powers taken away by Sulla.
2. Proposed a law to restore citizenship to all who had fought under
Lepidus and Sertorius.
3. Revived the censorship, dormant since Sulla's time.
4. Successfully supported a law that broke the senatorial monopoly on jury
service.
The lex Gabinia - ✔✔Enacted in 67 B.C. by the consul Gabinius to appoint
Pompey as a centralized commander to combat pirates.
1. The commander's authority, superior to that of the provincial governors,
extended over all coastal lands up to 50 Roman miles from the sea.
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,2. He could draw from the public treasury.
3. He could raise a fleet up to 500 ships, and recruit an army of 120,000
infantry and 5,000 cavalry.
Pompey in the eastern Mediterranean - ✔✔1. Cleaned the Mediterranean of
pirates in 40 days.
2. Took Jerusalem in 63 B.C., ending Jewish independence
Pompey's victory - ✔✔Victory rested upon:
A. His overwhelming superiority of armaments.
B. His treatment of captives. Instead of following the usual Roman practice
of crucifying or selling them into slavery he resettled those who
surrendered on farms or villages in Asia Minor.
Julius Caesar (First Triumvirate) - ✔✔Between 59 and 52 B.C. he built an
impressive political and military reputation—serving first as consul, and
then fighting in the Gallic War.
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, He was smart, unconventional, and bold almost to the point of
recklessness.
The Breakdown of the First Triumvirate - ✔✔1. The death of Crassus in
Syria in 53 B.C.
2. Pompey- with his geographical proximity to Rome and the rise of gang
violence in Rome that he was called upon to put down- believed that he
was within reach of being a traditional leader.
3. The death of Pompey's wife (and Caesar's daughter) ended the family
connection between Caesar and Pompey.
4. In 50 B.C., the optimates tried to force Caesar from command in Gaul,
and commissioned Pompey to lead two legions against him.
The death of Crassus in Syria in 53 B.C. - ✔✔Wanting to enhance his
military reputation, Crassus attacked the Parthians to his east.
Killed at Carrhae
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