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ONS ONCC Chemotherapy
ONS/ONCC CHEMOTHERAPY IMMUNOTHERAPY
CERTIFICATE EXAM Questions with 100 Correct
Answers Latest Versions 2025 GRADED A+
1. Cell Cycling Time - ANS ✅Amount of time from mitosis to mitosis
2. Cell cycle video and image - ANS
✅http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/ch
apter2/animation__how_the_cell_cycle_works.html
3. Check points in the Cell Cycle: Keeping it All Under Control - ANS
✅-The cell cycle is carefully controlled through a series of checkpoints
-Variation in duplication or distribution of chromosomes during cell division
can alter the genetic information passed on to daughter cells, leading to cellular
dysfunction and disease, such as cancer
-These checkpoints monitor for DNA integrity and control progression through
mitosis
4. Progression through the cell cycle is controlled through two proteins:
- ANS ✅1. cyclins (D, E, A, B)
2. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs)
ONS/ONCC Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Certificate
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ONS ONCC Chemotherapy
-Cyclin-CDK complex allows the cell to progress through each phase of the cell
cycle
5. Locations of proteins Cyclins (D, E, A, B) and CDKs - ANS ✅-(G0-
G1) : Cyclin D and CDK 4/6
-Early S: Cyclin E and CDK 1/2
-Late S: Cyclin A and CDK 1/2
-G2: CDK 1/2 and cyclin A
-Before M: CDK 1 and Cyclin B
6. Inhibitory proteins - ANS ✅-prevent progression of the cycle when
DNA damage is detected
-An example of an inhibitory protein is p53 (AKA TP53)
7. DNA Damage Checkpoints - ANS ✅-If DNA damage is present, cells
are programmed to stop dividing or undergo apoptosis (programmed cell
death)
-The retinoblastoma protein (Rb), p53, and p21 are some of the most well-
understood inhibitory proteins (IP)
ONS/ONCC Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Certificate
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ONS ONCC Chemotherapy
8. Inhibitory proteins p53 - ANS ✅-Levels of this IP regulate several
important target genes
-Will increase when DNA damage is present
-Protects against inappropriate signal proliferation
-sometimes called the "suicide gene"
9. M Phase Checkpoints - ANS ✅When the cells prepare to divide, the
chromosomes line up in the mitotic spindle.
If the chromosomes are not properly aligned, division is not allowed to continue
10.Immunity - ANS ✅
11.Cells of the Immune System - ANS ✅
12.Pluripotent Stem Cell - ANS ✅-The cells of the immune system are
created in the bome marrow from what is know as a ___
-A stem cell that can differentiate into any cell type except for extraembryotic
tissue, does not yet have a function
13.Myeolid Precursor Cells - ANS ✅Mature into:
-RBCS
-Plts
ONS/ONCC Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Certificate
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ONS ONCC Chemotherapy
-WBCs (Granulocytes)
14.Lymphoid Precursor Cells - ANS ✅Mature into:
-Specialized WBCs called lymphocytes (Agranulocytes)
15.Lines of Defense: The Immune System's Response to Attack - ANS
✅Consists of 2 types of immunity:
1: Innate
2: Adaptive
16.Innate Immunity - ANS ✅-First line of defense against a pathogen
-Does not retain memory of the entity
-Involves the following:
(skin, mucous membranes, and normal flora of the skin and gut)
(Cellular components such as phagocytes, natural killer cells, granulocytes, and
macrophages)
1. Phagocytes
2. Natural Killer Cells
3. Granulocytes
17.4. Macrophages - ANS ✅1.Cells that engulf and destroy invader
2. Cells that sense receptors on self and non-self to determine if they should kill
or not
ONS/ONCC Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Certificate
ONS ONCC Chemotherapy
ONS/ONCC CHEMOTHERAPY IMMUNOTHERAPY
CERTIFICATE EXAM Questions with 100 Correct
Answers Latest Versions 2025 GRADED A+
1. Cell Cycling Time - ANS ✅Amount of time from mitosis to mitosis
2. Cell cycle video and image - ANS
✅http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/ch
apter2/animation__how_the_cell_cycle_works.html
3. Check points in the Cell Cycle: Keeping it All Under Control - ANS
✅-The cell cycle is carefully controlled through a series of checkpoints
-Variation in duplication or distribution of chromosomes during cell division
can alter the genetic information passed on to daughter cells, leading to cellular
dysfunction and disease, such as cancer
-These checkpoints monitor for DNA integrity and control progression through
mitosis
4. Progression through the cell cycle is controlled through two proteins:
- ANS ✅1. cyclins (D, E, A, B)
2. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs)
ONS/ONCC Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Certificate
, 2
ONS ONCC Chemotherapy
-Cyclin-CDK complex allows the cell to progress through each phase of the cell
cycle
5. Locations of proteins Cyclins (D, E, A, B) and CDKs - ANS ✅-(G0-
G1) : Cyclin D and CDK 4/6
-Early S: Cyclin E and CDK 1/2
-Late S: Cyclin A and CDK 1/2
-G2: CDK 1/2 and cyclin A
-Before M: CDK 1 and Cyclin B
6. Inhibitory proteins - ANS ✅-prevent progression of the cycle when
DNA damage is detected
-An example of an inhibitory protein is p53 (AKA TP53)
7. DNA Damage Checkpoints - ANS ✅-If DNA damage is present, cells
are programmed to stop dividing or undergo apoptosis (programmed cell
death)
-The retinoblastoma protein (Rb), p53, and p21 are some of the most well-
understood inhibitory proteins (IP)
ONS/ONCC Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Certificate
, 3
ONS ONCC Chemotherapy
8. Inhibitory proteins p53 - ANS ✅-Levels of this IP regulate several
important target genes
-Will increase when DNA damage is present
-Protects against inappropriate signal proliferation
-sometimes called the "suicide gene"
9. M Phase Checkpoints - ANS ✅When the cells prepare to divide, the
chromosomes line up in the mitotic spindle.
If the chromosomes are not properly aligned, division is not allowed to continue
10.Immunity - ANS ✅
11.Cells of the Immune System - ANS ✅
12.Pluripotent Stem Cell - ANS ✅-The cells of the immune system are
created in the bome marrow from what is know as a ___
-A stem cell that can differentiate into any cell type except for extraembryotic
tissue, does not yet have a function
13.Myeolid Precursor Cells - ANS ✅Mature into:
-RBCS
-Plts
ONS/ONCC Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Certificate
, 4
ONS ONCC Chemotherapy
-WBCs (Granulocytes)
14.Lymphoid Precursor Cells - ANS ✅Mature into:
-Specialized WBCs called lymphocytes (Agranulocytes)
15.Lines of Defense: The Immune System's Response to Attack - ANS
✅Consists of 2 types of immunity:
1: Innate
2: Adaptive
16.Innate Immunity - ANS ✅-First line of defense against a pathogen
-Does not retain memory of the entity
-Involves the following:
(skin, mucous membranes, and normal flora of the skin and gut)
(Cellular components such as phagocytes, natural killer cells, granulocytes, and
macrophages)
1. Phagocytes
2. Natural Killer Cells
3. Granulocytes
17.4. Macrophages - ANS ✅1.Cells that engulf and destroy invader
2. Cells that sense receptors on self and non-self to determine if they should kill
or not
ONS/ONCC Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Certificate
