©FYNDLAY 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1:52PM.
USAHS clinical neuroscience Exam 2
Questions And Answers 2025 Update.
What is the order of layers that protect the brain? - Answer✔S- skin
C- connective tissue
A- aponeurosa
L- loose connective tissue
P- pericranium
Which layer of the meninges is perforated to allow room for cranial nerves and blood vessels? -
Answer✔Dura mater
Separations of the ________ membranes create sinuses that are important for the venous
drainage system. - Answer✔Dura
The _____________ layer has trabeculae that suspend the brain. - Answer✔Arachnoid
True or false:
Arachnoid granulation serve as one way valves to the duralumin sinus. - Answer✔True
True or false:
Dentate ligaments are pia mater. - Answer✔True
What is significant about the epidural space? - Answer✔It contains the middle meningeal artery
(a branch off of the external carotid)
What goes through foramen spinosum? - Answer✔middle meningeal artery
An ___________ _____________ is typically the result of traumatic rupture of the MMA due to
temporal bone fracture. May initially be asymptomatic but within hours have increased ICP,
herniation, and death. - Answer✔Epidural hematoma
The ____________ space is between the dura and the arachnoid. Contains bridging veins that
cross at the subdural space and drain into the venous sinuses. - Answer✔Subdural
1
, ©FYNDLAY 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1:52PM.
What is a subdural hematoma? - Answer✔Rupture of the bridging veins which are susceptible
to shear forces. Two types: chronic (elderly) and acute
The _______________ space is between the arachnoid and pia mater. Contains major arteries
of the brain as well as CSF. - Answer✔Subarachnoid
What is a subarachnoid hemorrhage? - Answer✔Two types: traumatic and non traumatic,
bleeding into the CSF, presents as a severe HA
Common herniations? - Answer✔Central, tonsillar, uncal transtenorial, *ONE MORE CHECK fig.
5.8)
The neural tube becomes the _____________. - Answer✔Ventricles
The third ventricle is surrounded by the ____________. - Answer✔Diencephalon (thalamus)
What is the flow of CSF? - Answer✔Lateral ventricles through the foramen of Monroe to the
3rd ventricle through the cerebral aqueduct to the 4th ventricle and out through the foramen
of magendie
True or false:
The choroid plexus exists within each of the ventricles and is constantly producing CSF, creating
a small pressure gradient. - Answer✔True (functions are buoyancy, cushioning, cleaning, and
ionic balance)
The choroid plexus is made of _____________ cells that produce CSF and assist in circulating it
by movement of their cilli. - Answer✔Ependymal
_________ are large pockets in the subarachnoid space. - Answer✔Cistern
What is the cistern that is located between the cerebellum and medulla? - Answer✔Cisterna
magna (cerebellar medullary cistern); other cisterns are the pontine and interpeduncular.
There is a large cistern found in the lumbar area of the spine; it is useful because it provides a
place to extract ________ through a lumbar puncture. - Answer✔CSF
Normal CSF pressures? - Answer✔Adult: 80-180mm of h2o
Obese adult: 250mm h2o
Infant: 10-100mm h2o
What is the normal visual appearance of CSF? - Answer✔Sparkling clear (abnormal would be
cloudy or colored)
What is a normal cell count for CSF? - Answer✔normal: <5 wbc's/mm^3
suspicious: >5 up to 10 wbc's/mm^3
pathological: >10 wbc's/mm^3
2
USAHS clinical neuroscience Exam 2
Questions And Answers 2025 Update.
What is the order of layers that protect the brain? - Answer✔S- skin
C- connective tissue
A- aponeurosa
L- loose connective tissue
P- pericranium
Which layer of the meninges is perforated to allow room for cranial nerves and blood vessels? -
Answer✔Dura mater
Separations of the ________ membranes create sinuses that are important for the venous
drainage system. - Answer✔Dura
The _____________ layer has trabeculae that suspend the brain. - Answer✔Arachnoid
True or false:
Arachnoid granulation serve as one way valves to the duralumin sinus. - Answer✔True
True or false:
Dentate ligaments are pia mater. - Answer✔True
What is significant about the epidural space? - Answer✔It contains the middle meningeal artery
(a branch off of the external carotid)
What goes through foramen spinosum? - Answer✔middle meningeal artery
An ___________ _____________ is typically the result of traumatic rupture of the MMA due to
temporal bone fracture. May initially be asymptomatic but within hours have increased ICP,
herniation, and death. - Answer✔Epidural hematoma
The ____________ space is between the dura and the arachnoid. Contains bridging veins that
cross at the subdural space and drain into the venous sinuses. - Answer✔Subdural
1
, ©FYNDLAY 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1:52PM.
What is a subdural hematoma? - Answer✔Rupture of the bridging veins which are susceptible
to shear forces. Two types: chronic (elderly) and acute
The _______________ space is between the arachnoid and pia mater. Contains major arteries
of the brain as well as CSF. - Answer✔Subarachnoid
What is a subarachnoid hemorrhage? - Answer✔Two types: traumatic and non traumatic,
bleeding into the CSF, presents as a severe HA
Common herniations? - Answer✔Central, tonsillar, uncal transtenorial, *ONE MORE CHECK fig.
5.8)
The neural tube becomes the _____________. - Answer✔Ventricles
The third ventricle is surrounded by the ____________. - Answer✔Diencephalon (thalamus)
What is the flow of CSF? - Answer✔Lateral ventricles through the foramen of Monroe to the
3rd ventricle through the cerebral aqueduct to the 4th ventricle and out through the foramen
of magendie
True or false:
The choroid plexus exists within each of the ventricles and is constantly producing CSF, creating
a small pressure gradient. - Answer✔True (functions are buoyancy, cushioning, cleaning, and
ionic balance)
The choroid plexus is made of _____________ cells that produce CSF and assist in circulating it
by movement of their cilli. - Answer✔Ependymal
_________ are large pockets in the subarachnoid space. - Answer✔Cistern
What is the cistern that is located between the cerebellum and medulla? - Answer✔Cisterna
magna (cerebellar medullary cistern); other cisterns are the pontine and interpeduncular.
There is a large cistern found in the lumbar area of the spine; it is useful because it provides a
place to extract ________ through a lumbar puncture. - Answer✔CSF
Normal CSF pressures? - Answer✔Adult: 80-180mm of h2o
Obese adult: 250mm h2o
Infant: 10-100mm h2o
What is the normal visual appearance of CSF? - Answer✔Sparkling clear (abnormal would be
cloudy or colored)
What is a normal cell count for CSF? - Answer✔normal: <5 wbc's/mm^3
suspicious: >5 up to 10 wbc's/mm^3
pathological: >10 wbc's/mm^3
2
