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USAHS Clinical Neuroscience Exam
Questions And Answers 2025 Update.
What are the 5 steps of neurological development in order? - Answer✔Neurulation, cell
proliferation, migration and aggregation, formation of axonal and dendritic processes, and
synaptogenesis
______________ involves the formation of the neural crest and neural tube. -
Answer✔Neurulation
Cell proliferation occurs within the ________ _______. - Answer✔Neural tube
During the migration and aggregation phase of embryological development the cells
migrate/aggregate within _________ locations. - Answer✔Definitive
True or false:
Cranial nerves are formed during the formation of axonal and dendritic processes phase of
embryological development. - Answer✔True
____________ occurs around day 14 of development. - Answer✔Neurulation
During __________ the embryo is in the process of gastrolation. - Answer✔Neurulation
The __________ is three cell layers thick and includes the ectoderm, mesoderm, and
endoderm. - Answer✔Gastrula
The entire nervous system is derived from the ____________ ___________. -
Answer✔Embryonic ectoderm
On day _____ the notochord develops followed by the neural tube on day _______. -
Answer✔21, 28
The _______ ________ develops into the the entire CNS. - Answer✔Neural tube
Neural crest cells develop into the ______. - Answer✔PNS
What two pathologies can occur during the first stage of embryological development? -
Answer✔Spina bifida (failure of POSTERIOR neuropore to close) and anencephaly (failure of the
ANTERIOR neuropore to close)
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What does the prosencephalon divide into? - Answer✔telencephalon and diencephalon
What are the derivatives of the telencephalon and diencephalon? - Answer✔telencephalon:
rhinoencephalon (lateral ventricles)
diencephalon: thalamus, hypothalamus, optic nerves, neurohypophysis, and pineal gland (third
ventricle)
What is the derivative of the mesencephalon? - Answer✔Midbrain (cerebral aqueduct)
What does the rhombencephalon divide into? - Answer✔metencephalon and myelencephalon
What are the derivatives of the metencephalon and myelencephalon? -
Answer✔Metencephalon: cerebellum and pons (fourth ventricle)
Myelencephalon: medulla (fourth ventricle)
What does the primitive neural tube divide into? - Answer✔Neural tube and neural crest
What are the derivatives of the neural tube and neural crest? - Answer✔Neural tube: spinal
cord (central canal)
Neural crest: peripheral nerve ganglia
The anterior commissure is _________ to the posterior commissure. - Answer✔Rostral
The thalamus is ________to the frontal lobe. - Answer✔Caudal
The cerebellum is _________ to the pons. - Answer✔Dorsal
The anterior horn of the SC is _________ to the posterior horn of the SC. - Answer✔Ventral
During the __________ ___________ phase of embryological development the sulcus limitans
pushes bilaterally inside of the neural tube and starts to divide the tube into a ventral and
dorsal portion. - Answer✔Cell proliferation (ventral portion= baslar plate; efferent motor and
the dorsal portion= alar plate; sensory)
During the cell proliferation phase the innermost layer (ependyaml aka germinal) creates the
lining of the __________. - Answer✔Ventricles (helps the cilia)
During the cell proliferation phase the intermediate layer becomes the ___________. -
Answer✔Mantle (gray matter)
During the cell proliferation phase the marginal layer becomes ________ ________. -
Answer✔White matter
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During _________ migration the cells travel up the telencephalon from the SC. -
Answer✔Radial
During ______________ migration the cells travel within the brain stem. This occurs late in the
migration process. - Answer✔Tangential
What two defects can occur in the migration phase of embryological development? -
Answer✔Dyslexia and lissencephaly (smooth brain = low IQ)
During the differentiation phase of embryological development at 14 weeks CN's _______,
_______, ______, ______, and _____ form. - Answer✔5, 7, 9, 10, and 12 (swallow/gag)
During the differentiation phase of embryological development at 25 weeks CN's ________
_______ ______ and _____ form. - Answer✔2, 3, 4, and 6 (visual motor)
During the differentiation phase of embryological development at 28 weeks CN ______ forms. -
Answer✔8 (hearing)
During the differentiation phase of embryological development at 31-32 weeks CN ______
forms. - Answer✔1 (smell)
During the synaptogenesis phase of embryological development the basis of ____________
___________ is formed. - Answer✔Neural plasticity (correlated with known types of permanent
learning)
The telencephalon and diencephalon comprise the _____________. - Answer✔Forebrain
What makes up the brain stem? - Answer✔midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata (vital survival
function)
The diencephalon is comprised of the _____________ and ______________. -
Answer✔Thalamus, hypothalamus
The ___________ _______________ creates CSF. - Answer✔Choroid plexus
The CSF circulation pathway - Answer✔lateral ventricle, 3rd ventricle, cerebral aqueduct, 4th
ventricle, subarachnoid space, arachnoid villi, blood supply, drainage
Brodmann's areas 1, 2, and 3 - Answer✔Location: postcentral gyrus
Functional area: primary somatosensory cortex
Function: touch
Brodmann's area 4 - Answer✔Location: precentral gyrus
3
USAHS Clinical Neuroscience Exam
Questions And Answers 2025 Update.
What are the 5 steps of neurological development in order? - Answer✔Neurulation, cell
proliferation, migration and aggregation, formation of axonal and dendritic processes, and
synaptogenesis
______________ involves the formation of the neural crest and neural tube. -
Answer✔Neurulation
Cell proliferation occurs within the ________ _______. - Answer✔Neural tube
During the migration and aggregation phase of embryological development the cells
migrate/aggregate within _________ locations. - Answer✔Definitive
True or false:
Cranial nerves are formed during the formation of axonal and dendritic processes phase of
embryological development. - Answer✔True
____________ occurs around day 14 of development. - Answer✔Neurulation
During __________ the embryo is in the process of gastrolation. - Answer✔Neurulation
The __________ is three cell layers thick and includes the ectoderm, mesoderm, and
endoderm. - Answer✔Gastrula
The entire nervous system is derived from the ____________ ___________. -
Answer✔Embryonic ectoderm
On day _____ the notochord develops followed by the neural tube on day _______. -
Answer✔21, 28
The _______ ________ develops into the the entire CNS. - Answer✔Neural tube
Neural crest cells develop into the ______. - Answer✔PNS
What two pathologies can occur during the first stage of embryological development? -
Answer✔Spina bifida (failure of POSTERIOR neuropore to close) and anencephaly (failure of the
ANTERIOR neuropore to close)
1
, ©FYNDLAY 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1:52PM.
What does the prosencephalon divide into? - Answer✔telencephalon and diencephalon
What are the derivatives of the telencephalon and diencephalon? - Answer✔telencephalon:
rhinoencephalon (lateral ventricles)
diencephalon: thalamus, hypothalamus, optic nerves, neurohypophysis, and pineal gland (third
ventricle)
What is the derivative of the mesencephalon? - Answer✔Midbrain (cerebral aqueduct)
What does the rhombencephalon divide into? - Answer✔metencephalon and myelencephalon
What are the derivatives of the metencephalon and myelencephalon? -
Answer✔Metencephalon: cerebellum and pons (fourth ventricle)
Myelencephalon: medulla (fourth ventricle)
What does the primitive neural tube divide into? - Answer✔Neural tube and neural crest
What are the derivatives of the neural tube and neural crest? - Answer✔Neural tube: spinal
cord (central canal)
Neural crest: peripheral nerve ganglia
The anterior commissure is _________ to the posterior commissure. - Answer✔Rostral
The thalamus is ________to the frontal lobe. - Answer✔Caudal
The cerebellum is _________ to the pons. - Answer✔Dorsal
The anterior horn of the SC is _________ to the posterior horn of the SC. - Answer✔Ventral
During the __________ ___________ phase of embryological development the sulcus limitans
pushes bilaterally inside of the neural tube and starts to divide the tube into a ventral and
dorsal portion. - Answer✔Cell proliferation (ventral portion= baslar plate; efferent motor and
the dorsal portion= alar plate; sensory)
During the cell proliferation phase the innermost layer (ependyaml aka germinal) creates the
lining of the __________. - Answer✔Ventricles (helps the cilia)
During the cell proliferation phase the intermediate layer becomes the ___________. -
Answer✔Mantle (gray matter)
During the cell proliferation phase the marginal layer becomes ________ ________. -
Answer✔White matter
2
, ©FYNDLAY 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1:52PM.
During _________ migration the cells travel up the telencephalon from the SC. -
Answer✔Radial
During ______________ migration the cells travel within the brain stem. This occurs late in the
migration process. - Answer✔Tangential
What two defects can occur in the migration phase of embryological development? -
Answer✔Dyslexia and lissencephaly (smooth brain = low IQ)
During the differentiation phase of embryological development at 14 weeks CN's _______,
_______, ______, ______, and _____ form. - Answer✔5, 7, 9, 10, and 12 (swallow/gag)
During the differentiation phase of embryological development at 25 weeks CN's ________
_______ ______ and _____ form. - Answer✔2, 3, 4, and 6 (visual motor)
During the differentiation phase of embryological development at 28 weeks CN ______ forms. -
Answer✔8 (hearing)
During the differentiation phase of embryological development at 31-32 weeks CN ______
forms. - Answer✔1 (smell)
During the synaptogenesis phase of embryological development the basis of ____________
___________ is formed. - Answer✔Neural plasticity (correlated with known types of permanent
learning)
The telencephalon and diencephalon comprise the _____________. - Answer✔Forebrain
What makes up the brain stem? - Answer✔midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata (vital survival
function)
The diencephalon is comprised of the _____________ and ______________. -
Answer✔Thalamus, hypothalamus
The ___________ _______________ creates CSF. - Answer✔Choroid plexus
The CSF circulation pathway - Answer✔lateral ventricle, 3rd ventricle, cerebral aqueduct, 4th
ventricle, subarachnoid space, arachnoid villi, blood supply, drainage
Brodmann's areas 1, 2, and 3 - Answer✔Location: postcentral gyrus
Functional area: primary somatosensory cortex
Function: touch
Brodmann's area 4 - Answer✔Location: precentral gyrus
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