NURS 272 Respiratory and Cardio Final
Exam And Answers Graded A+.
upper respiratory tract - Answer Nasal cavity,
pharynx (nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx)
larynx; serve to warm, filter, and moisten incoming air; lined with cilia to help trap debris and
keep foreign substances from entering the lungs
lower respiratory tract - Answer Trachea
L and R primary bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveolar duct
Alveolar sac
Alveoli
Capillary
Alveoli is the site of what? - Answer gas exchange
Causes alveoli depression - Answer Illness
Immobility
Chronic dz
Smoking
predisposing factors for a respiratory illness - Answer -environment factors
-lifestyle
-history
-chronic illness
-smoking (frequency of smoking past or present) no judgement, are they interested in quitting?
-chewing tobacco
-anatomical structure
-genetics
,-affect ability to perfume
-can happen d/t immobility, fluid build up, illness, HF
Stages of smoking cessation - Answer
Diagnostic procedures related to respiratory system - Answer -CXR (PA & lateral)
-CT (contrast)
-Pulse oximetry
-Pulmonary function test
-Sputum culture
-ABGs
-Bronch/thoraoscopy
-thoracentesis
-V/Q scan
-Mantoux test
CXR-PA & LAT - Answer chest x-ray-posteroanterior and lateral views
-most common X-ray
-produces images of (lungs, heart, airways, bones, and spine of chest)
-can show hyperinflation of lungs = COPD
-in some cases show fluid in lungs= diagnose pneumonia
-show atelectasis
-broken rib
-look at heart size (enlarged or cardiomyopathy)
-can show foreign bodies
CT contrast - Answer -used to assess soft tissue (lesions, clots)
-visualize things you cant see on an X-ray
-may or may not use contrast (shellfish allergy w/ contrast, and when pt returns from procedure
make sure to increase fluids if can to flush out dye b/c there is risk for kidney injury
, Raynaud's disease - Answer recurrent episodes of pallor and cyanosis primarily in fingers and
toes
If O2 sat is dropping what is the first thing you should do - Answer -look at the pt first and see
if they look okay
-then take reading again
pulmonary function tests - Answer measurement of lung volumes to assess breathing and
ventilation; instrument used is a spirometer
-help to assess resp dz : asthma, COPD, efficacy of tx, if back to acceptable base line function
sputum culture - Answer microbial test used to identify disease-causing organisms of the
lower respiratory tract, especially those that cause pneumonias
-look for TB
-spit into cup
-cough into cup
-sputum induced bronch
-respiratory therapist can help
ABGs - Answer -usually obtained by resp therapist
-thru radial artery
-some ICU nurses can do this w/ additional training
Bronchoscope and thoraoscopy - Answer bronchoscopy: scope inserted into airways and can
go as far as 2nd bronchi
-can observe, obtain biopsy/culture, also get a sputum specimen
-require minimal sedation
Thoraoscopy: scope inserted thru small incision in the chest to look at thoracic cavity
-can view structure, biopsy, culture
thoracentesis - Answer the surgical puncture of the chest wall with a needle w/ a vacuum
sealed bottle to obtain/remove fluid from the pleural lining of lungs
Exam And Answers Graded A+.
upper respiratory tract - Answer Nasal cavity,
pharynx (nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx)
larynx; serve to warm, filter, and moisten incoming air; lined with cilia to help trap debris and
keep foreign substances from entering the lungs
lower respiratory tract - Answer Trachea
L and R primary bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveolar duct
Alveolar sac
Alveoli
Capillary
Alveoli is the site of what? - Answer gas exchange
Causes alveoli depression - Answer Illness
Immobility
Chronic dz
Smoking
predisposing factors for a respiratory illness - Answer -environment factors
-lifestyle
-history
-chronic illness
-smoking (frequency of smoking past or present) no judgement, are they interested in quitting?
-chewing tobacco
-anatomical structure
-genetics
,-affect ability to perfume
-can happen d/t immobility, fluid build up, illness, HF
Stages of smoking cessation - Answer
Diagnostic procedures related to respiratory system - Answer -CXR (PA & lateral)
-CT (contrast)
-Pulse oximetry
-Pulmonary function test
-Sputum culture
-ABGs
-Bronch/thoraoscopy
-thoracentesis
-V/Q scan
-Mantoux test
CXR-PA & LAT - Answer chest x-ray-posteroanterior and lateral views
-most common X-ray
-produces images of (lungs, heart, airways, bones, and spine of chest)
-can show hyperinflation of lungs = COPD
-in some cases show fluid in lungs= diagnose pneumonia
-show atelectasis
-broken rib
-look at heart size (enlarged or cardiomyopathy)
-can show foreign bodies
CT contrast - Answer -used to assess soft tissue (lesions, clots)
-visualize things you cant see on an X-ray
-may or may not use contrast (shellfish allergy w/ contrast, and when pt returns from procedure
make sure to increase fluids if can to flush out dye b/c there is risk for kidney injury
, Raynaud's disease - Answer recurrent episodes of pallor and cyanosis primarily in fingers and
toes
If O2 sat is dropping what is the first thing you should do - Answer -look at the pt first and see
if they look okay
-then take reading again
pulmonary function tests - Answer measurement of lung volumes to assess breathing and
ventilation; instrument used is a spirometer
-help to assess resp dz : asthma, COPD, efficacy of tx, if back to acceptable base line function
sputum culture - Answer microbial test used to identify disease-causing organisms of the
lower respiratory tract, especially those that cause pneumonias
-look for TB
-spit into cup
-cough into cup
-sputum induced bronch
-respiratory therapist can help
ABGs - Answer -usually obtained by resp therapist
-thru radial artery
-some ICU nurses can do this w/ additional training
Bronchoscope and thoraoscopy - Answer bronchoscopy: scope inserted into airways and can
go as far as 2nd bronchi
-can observe, obtain biopsy/culture, also get a sputum specimen
-require minimal sedation
Thoraoscopy: scope inserted thru small incision in the chest to look at thoracic cavity
-can view structure, biopsy, culture
thoracentesis - Answer the surgical puncture of the chest wall with a needle w/ a vacuum
sealed bottle to obtain/remove fluid from the pleural lining of lungs
