1|Page
DD301 CRIME AND JUSTICE ACTUAL EXAM WITH
CORRECT ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECTLY
WELL DEFINED ANSWERS LATEST 2025 ALREADY
GRADED A+
punitiveness - (answer)a concern with or the infliction of punishment
incapacitation - (answer)Preventing (rather than merely deterring) future
offending. E.g. imprisonment, chopping off hands or death.
DD301 three themes - (answer)power; harm and violence; local and global
relations
Four justifications or rationales for punishment - (answer)1) Punishment can be
deserved.
2) Instrumental: the threat of punishment will deter future criminality.
3) Symbolic function as a means of disapproval.
4) Rehabilitation.
retributive model of justice - (answer)Generally, most criminal justice systems in
developed countries are based on a retributive model. Sanctions include fines,
community penalties, imprisonment and, in some jurisdictions, capital
punishment.
common sense - (answer)The popular wisdom of the day; the taken-for-granted,
the 'taken for granted', 'what everyone knows' story.
,2|Page
(OpenLearn 'The meaning of Crime')
respectable fears - (answer)The middle-aged look back nostalgically on the early
years of their lives as golden ages of morality, contrasting it with the moral
degeneracy of the younger generation.
(Geoffrey Pearson, Hooligan, 1983)
demoralisation and fragmentation - (answer)A sense of a decline in the solidity of
social structures and of shared morality and values. That the law enforcement
agencies of the era are increasingly impotent and powerless to defend the people
and their property from the waves of crime and unrest by the criminal hordes.
moral panic - (answer)When some thing or some people become identified as a
threat to society, there is a moral stand from upright people, the target is
'othered', solutions are sought.
(Stanley Cohen, 1973)
Cohen, 1973 - (answer)Who said and when?
Moral panic.
When something or some people become identified as a threat to society, there is
a moral stand from upright people, the target is 'othered' and solutions are
sought.
, 3|Page
Book 1, chapter 2, page 47
deviancy amplification spiral - (answer)Moral panic causes outrage causes a heavy
response, which provides more evidence, which increases public concern, which
increases the response further, and so on.
(Stanley Cohen, 1970s)
criminology - (answer)The study of crime, criminals and criminality.
collective agency - (answer)Groups acting as agents, e.g. governments, unions,
armies.
participant observation - (answer)A social science research method of observation
at close quarters and, possibly, participating in routine activities.
deviant labels - (answer)Idealogical formulations which carry 'common sense'
versions of the truth; inaccurate simplified, stereotypical representations of the
truth.
carceral society - (answer)From the Latin for prison, 'carcer', it is 'the prison-like
society': surveillance as in prison is extended into society. Panopticism.
DD301 CRIME AND JUSTICE ACTUAL EXAM WITH
CORRECT ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECTLY
WELL DEFINED ANSWERS LATEST 2025 ALREADY
GRADED A+
punitiveness - (answer)a concern with or the infliction of punishment
incapacitation - (answer)Preventing (rather than merely deterring) future
offending. E.g. imprisonment, chopping off hands or death.
DD301 three themes - (answer)power; harm and violence; local and global
relations
Four justifications or rationales for punishment - (answer)1) Punishment can be
deserved.
2) Instrumental: the threat of punishment will deter future criminality.
3) Symbolic function as a means of disapproval.
4) Rehabilitation.
retributive model of justice - (answer)Generally, most criminal justice systems in
developed countries are based on a retributive model. Sanctions include fines,
community penalties, imprisonment and, in some jurisdictions, capital
punishment.
common sense - (answer)The popular wisdom of the day; the taken-for-granted,
the 'taken for granted', 'what everyone knows' story.
,2|Page
(OpenLearn 'The meaning of Crime')
respectable fears - (answer)The middle-aged look back nostalgically on the early
years of their lives as golden ages of morality, contrasting it with the moral
degeneracy of the younger generation.
(Geoffrey Pearson, Hooligan, 1983)
demoralisation and fragmentation - (answer)A sense of a decline in the solidity of
social structures and of shared morality and values. That the law enforcement
agencies of the era are increasingly impotent and powerless to defend the people
and their property from the waves of crime and unrest by the criminal hordes.
moral panic - (answer)When some thing or some people become identified as a
threat to society, there is a moral stand from upright people, the target is
'othered', solutions are sought.
(Stanley Cohen, 1973)
Cohen, 1973 - (answer)Who said and when?
Moral panic.
When something or some people become identified as a threat to society, there is
a moral stand from upright people, the target is 'othered' and solutions are
sought.
, 3|Page
Book 1, chapter 2, page 47
deviancy amplification spiral - (answer)Moral panic causes outrage causes a heavy
response, which provides more evidence, which increases public concern, which
increases the response further, and so on.
(Stanley Cohen, 1970s)
criminology - (answer)The study of crime, criminals and criminality.
collective agency - (answer)Groups acting as agents, e.g. governments, unions,
armies.
participant observation - (answer)A social science research method of observation
at close quarters and, possibly, participating in routine activities.
deviant labels - (answer)Idealogical formulations which carry 'common sense'
versions of the truth; inaccurate simplified, stereotypical representations of the
truth.
carceral society - (answer)From the Latin for prison, 'carcer', it is 'the prison-like
society': surveillance as in prison is extended into society. Panopticism.
