Chapter 29 Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
1) According to the fossil record, plants colonized terrestrial habitats _____.
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
A) in conjunction with insects that pollinated them
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
B) in conjunction with fungi that helped provide them with nutrients from the soil
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C) to escape abundant herbivores in the oceans
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
D) only about 150 million years ago - ANSWER - B) in conjunction with fungi that helped provide them with nutrients fro
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
the soil
mp mp
2) The most direct ancestors of land plants were probably _____.
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
A) kelp (brown alga) that formed large beds near the shorelines
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
B) green algae
mp mp
C) photosynthesizing prokaryotes (cyanobacteria)
mp mp mp
D) liverworts and mosses - ANSWER - B) green algae
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
5) Which of these time intervals, based on plant fossils, came last (most recently)?
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
A) extensive growth of gymnosperm forests
mp mp mp mp mp
B) colonization of land by early liverworts and mosses
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
C) rise and diversification of angiosperms
mp mp mp mp mp
D) carboniferous swamps with giant horsetails and lycophytes - ANSWER - C) rise and diversification of angiosperms
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
6) Why have biologists hypothesized that the first land plants had a low, sprawling growth habit?
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
A) They were tied to the water for reproduction and thus needed to remain in close contact with the moist soil.
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
B) The ancestors of land plants, green algae, lack the structural support to stand erect in air.
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
C) Land animals of that period were small and could not pollinate tall plants.
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
D) There was less competition for space so they simply spread out flat. - ANSWER - B) The ancestors of land plants,
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
green algae, lack the structural support to stand erect in air.
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
7) Spores and seeds have basically the same function—dispersal—but are vastly different because _____.
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
A) spores have a protective outer covering; seeds do not
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
B) spores have an embryo; seeds do not
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
C) spores have stored nutrition; seeds do not
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
D) spores are unicellular; seeds are not - ANSWER - D) spores are unicellular; seeds are not
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
8) You find a green organism in a pond near your house and believe it is a plant, not an alga. The mystery organism is
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
most likely a plant and not an alga if it _____.
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
A) contains chloroplasts
mp mp
B) is surrounded by a cuticle
mp mp mp mp mp
C) does not contain vascular tissue
mp mp mp mp mp
D) has cell walls that are comprised largely of cellulose - ANSWER - B) is surrounded by a cuticle
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
11) According to our current knowledge of plant evolution, which group of organisms should feature cell division most
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
similar to that of land plants?
mp mp mp mp mp mp
A) unicellular green algae
mp mp mp
B) cyanobacteria
mp
C) charophytes
mp
D) red algae - ANSWER - C) charophytes
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
,12) Which taxon is essentially equivalent to the "embryophytes"?
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
A) Plantae mp
B) Pterophyta mp
C) Bryophyta mp
D) Charophycea - ANSWER - A) Plantae
mp mp mp mp mp mp
The following questions refer to the generalized life cycle for land plants shown in the figure below. Each number within
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
circle or square represents a specific plant or plant part, and each number over an arrow represents either meiosis,
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
mitosis, or fertilization.
mp mp mp
mp
16) In the figure above, which number represents the mature gametophyte?
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
A) 1 mp
B) 3 mp
C) 7 mp
D) 11 - ANSWER - C) 7 mp mp mp mp mp mp
17) In the figure above, which number represents an embryo?
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
A) 1 mp
B) 3 mp
C) 7 mp
D) 11 - ANSWER - D) 11 mp mp mp mp mp mp
18) In the figure above, meiosis is most likely to be represented by which number(s)?
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
A) 2 mp
B) 4 mp
C) 2 and 8 mp mp mp
D) 10 and 12 - ANSWER - B) 4
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23) Stomata _____. mp mp
A) occur in all land plants and define them as a monophyletic group
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
B) open to allow gas exchange and close to decrease water loss
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
C) occur in all land plants and are the same as pores
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
D) open to increase both water absorption and gas exchange - ANSWER - B) open to allow gas exchange and close to
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
decrease water loss
mp mp mp
25) Most moss gametophytes do not have a cuticle and are 1-2 cells thick. What does this imply about moss
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
gametophytes and their structure?
mp mp mp mp
A) They use stomata for gas exchange regulation.
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
B) They can easily lose water to, and absorb water from, the atmosphere.
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
C) Photosynthesis occurs throughout the entire gametophyte surface.
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
D) They have branching veins in their leaves. - ANSWER - B) They can easily lose water to, and absorb water from, the
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
atmosphere
mp
26) As you stroll through a moist forest, you are most likely to see a _____.
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
A) zygote of a green alga
mp mp mp mp mp
B) gametophyte of a moss
mp mp mp mp
C) sporophyte of a liverwort
mp mp mp mp
D) gametophyte of a fern - ANSWER - B) gametophyte of a moss
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
1) According to the fossil record, plants colonized terrestrial habitats _____.
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
A) in conjunction with insects that pollinated them
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
B) in conjunction with fungi that helped provide them with nutrients from the soil
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
C) to escape abundant herbivores in the oceans
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
D) only about 150 million years ago - ANSWER - B) in conjunction with fungi that helped provide them with nutrients fro
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
the soil
mp mp
2) The most direct ancestors of land plants were probably _____.
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
A) kelp (brown alga) that formed large beds near the shorelines
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
B) green algae
mp mp
C) photosynthesizing prokaryotes (cyanobacteria)
mp mp mp
D) liverworts and mosses - ANSWER - B) green algae
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
5) Which of these time intervals, based on plant fossils, came last (most recently)?
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
A) extensive growth of gymnosperm forests
mp mp mp mp mp
B) colonization of land by early liverworts and mosses
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
C) rise and diversification of angiosperms
mp mp mp mp mp
D) carboniferous swamps with giant horsetails and lycophytes - ANSWER - C) rise and diversification of angiosperms
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
6) Why have biologists hypothesized that the first land plants had a low, sprawling growth habit?
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
A) They were tied to the water for reproduction and thus needed to remain in close contact with the moist soil.
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
B) The ancestors of land plants, green algae, lack the structural support to stand erect in air.
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
C) Land animals of that period were small and could not pollinate tall plants.
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
D) There was less competition for space so they simply spread out flat. - ANSWER - B) The ancestors of land plants,
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
green algae, lack the structural support to stand erect in air.
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
7) Spores and seeds have basically the same function—dispersal—but are vastly different because _____.
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
A) spores have a protective outer covering; seeds do not
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
B) spores have an embryo; seeds do not
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
C) spores have stored nutrition; seeds do not
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
D) spores are unicellular; seeds are not - ANSWER - D) spores are unicellular; seeds are not
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
8) You find a green organism in a pond near your house and believe it is a plant, not an alga. The mystery organism is
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
most likely a plant and not an alga if it _____.
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
A) contains chloroplasts
mp mp
B) is surrounded by a cuticle
mp mp mp mp mp
C) does not contain vascular tissue
mp mp mp mp mp
D) has cell walls that are comprised largely of cellulose - ANSWER - B) is surrounded by a cuticle
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
11) According to our current knowledge of plant evolution, which group of organisms should feature cell division most
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
similar to that of land plants?
mp mp mp mp mp mp
A) unicellular green algae
mp mp mp
B) cyanobacteria
mp
C) charophytes
mp
D) red algae - ANSWER - C) charophytes
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
,12) Which taxon is essentially equivalent to the "embryophytes"?
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
A) Plantae mp
B) Pterophyta mp
C) Bryophyta mp
D) Charophycea - ANSWER - A) Plantae
mp mp mp mp mp mp
The following questions refer to the generalized life cycle for land plants shown in the figure below. Each number within
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
circle or square represents a specific plant or plant part, and each number over an arrow represents either meiosis,
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
mitosis, or fertilization.
mp mp mp
mp
16) In the figure above, which number represents the mature gametophyte?
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
A) 1 mp
B) 3 mp
C) 7 mp
D) 11 - ANSWER - C) 7 mp mp mp mp mp mp
17) In the figure above, which number represents an embryo?
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
A) 1 mp
B) 3 mp
C) 7 mp
D) 11 - ANSWER - D) 11 mp mp mp mp mp mp
18) In the figure above, meiosis is most likely to be represented by which number(s)?
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
A) 2 mp
B) 4 mp
C) 2 and 8 mp mp mp
D) 10 and 12 - ANSWER - B) 4
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
23) Stomata _____. mp mp
A) occur in all land plants and define them as a monophyletic group
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
B) open to allow gas exchange and close to decrease water loss
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
C) occur in all land plants and are the same as pores
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
D) open to increase both water absorption and gas exchange - ANSWER - B) open to allow gas exchange and close to
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
decrease water loss
mp mp mp
25) Most moss gametophytes do not have a cuticle and are 1-2 cells thick. What does this imply about moss
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
gametophytes and their structure?
mp mp mp mp
A) They use stomata for gas exchange regulation.
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
B) They can easily lose water to, and absorb water from, the atmosphere.
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
C) Photosynthesis occurs throughout the entire gametophyte surface.
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
D) They have branching veins in their leaves. - ANSWER - B) They can easily lose water to, and absorb water from, the
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
atmosphere
mp
26) As you stroll through a moist forest, you are most likely to see a _____.
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
A) zygote of a green alga
mp mp mp mp mp
B) gametophyte of a moss
mp mp mp mp
C) sporophyte of a liverwort
mp mp mp mp
D) gametophyte of a fern - ANSWER - B) gametophyte of a moss
mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp
