DD301 CRIME AND JUSTICE ACTUAL EXAM
WITH CORRECT ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECTLY WELL DEFINED ANSWERS
LATEST 2025 ALREADY GRADED A+
State crime - ANSWERS-Violations of human rights perpetrated by agents of the
state in the deviant pursuit of organisational goals.
Green & Ward, 2004.
Green & Ward, 2004 - ANSWERS-Who said and when?
State crime: 'violations of human rights perpetrated by agents of the state in the
deviant pursuit of organisation goals'.
Book 1, page 215.
Mehigan, Walters & Westmarland, 2010 - ANSWERS-Who said and when?
The excesses of globalisation have created 'crises of modernity' in which human
rights continue to be compromised and abused.
Book 2, page 247.
,respectable fears - ANSWERS-The middle-aged look back nostalgically on the
early years of their lives as golden ages of morality, contrasting it with the moral
degeneracy of the younger generation.
(Geoffrey Pearson, Hooligan, 1983)
demoralisation and fragmentation - ANSWERS-A sense of a decline in the
solidity of social structures and of shared morality and values. That the law
enforcement agencies of the era are increasingly impotent and powerless to
defend the people and their property from the waves of crime and unrest by the
criminal hordes.
moral panic - ANSWERS-When some thing or some people become identified as
a threat to society, there is a moral stand from upright people, the target is
'othered', solutions are sought.
(Stanley Cohen, 1973)
Cohen, 1973 - ANSWERS-Who said and when?
Moral panic.
When something or some people become identified as a threat to society, there
is a moral stand from upright people, the target is 'othered' and solutions are
sought.
Book 1, chapter 2, page 47
,deviancy amplification spiral - ANSWERS-Moral panic causes outrage causes a
heavy response, which provides more evidence, which increases public concern,
which increases the response further, and so on.
(Stanley Cohen, 1970s)
criminology - ANSWERS-The study of crime, criminals and criminality.
collective agency - ANSWERS-Groups acting as agents, e.g. governments, unions,
armies.
participant observation - ANSWERS-A social science research method of
observation at close quarters and, possibly, participating in routine activities.
deviant labels - ANSWERS-Idealogical formulations which carry 'common sense'
versions of the truth; inaccurate simplified, stereotypical representations of the
truth.
carceral society - ANSWERS-From the Latin for prison, 'carcer', it is 'the prison-
like society': surveillance as in prison is extended into society. Panopticism.
immiseration - ANSWERS-To be made miserable or sunk into poverty, especially
an entire population
, white-collar crime - ANSWERS-Any crime committed by an employee who holds
a workplace position of authority or trust
punitiveness - ANSWERS-a concern with or the infliction of punishment
incapacitation - ANSWERS-Preventing (rather than merely deterring) future
offending. E.g. imprisonment, chopping off hands or death.
DD301 three themes - ANSWERS-power; harm and violence; local and global
relations
Four justifications or rationales for punishment - ANSWERS-1) Punishment can
be deserved.
2) Instrumental: the threat of punishment will deter future criminality.
3) Symbolic function as a means of disapproval.
4) Rehabilitation.
retributive model of justice - ANSWERS-Generally, most criminal justice systems
in developed countries are based on a retributive model. Sanctions include
fines, community penalties, imprisonment and, in some jurisdictions, capital
punishment.
WITH CORRECT ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECTLY WELL DEFINED ANSWERS
LATEST 2025 ALREADY GRADED A+
State crime - ANSWERS-Violations of human rights perpetrated by agents of the
state in the deviant pursuit of organisational goals.
Green & Ward, 2004.
Green & Ward, 2004 - ANSWERS-Who said and when?
State crime: 'violations of human rights perpetrated by agents of the state in the
deviant pursuit of organisation goals'.
Book 1, page 215.
Mehigan, Walters & Westmarland, 2010 - ANSWERS-Who said and when?
The excesses of globalisation have created 'crises of modernity' in which human
rights continue to be compromised and abused.
Book 2, page 247.
,respectable fears - ANSWERS-The middle-aged look back nostalgically on the
early years of their lives as golden ages of morality, contrasting it with the moral
degeneracy of the younger generation.
(Geoffrey Pearson, Hooligan, 1983)
demoralisation and fragmentation - ANSWERS-A sense of a decline in the
solidity of social structures and of shared morality and values. That the law
enforcement agencies of the era are increasingly impotent and powerless to
defend the people and their property from the waves of crime and unrest by the
criminal hordes.
moral panic - ANSWERS-When some thing or some people become identified as
a threat to society, there is a moral stand from upright people, the target is
'othered', solutions are sought.
(Stanley Cohen, 1973)
Cohen, 1973 - ANSWERS-Who said and when?
Moral panic.
When something or some people become identified as a threat to society, there
is a moral stand from upright people, the target is 'othered' and solutions are
sought.
Book 1, chapter 2, page 47
,deviancy amplification spiral - ANSWERS-Moral panic causes outrage causes a
heavy response, which provides more evidence, which increases public concern,
which increases the response further, and so on.
(Stanley Cohen, 1970s)
criminology - ANSWERS-The study of crime, criminals and criminality.
collective agency - ANSWERS-Groups acting as agents, e.g. governments, unions,
armies.
participant observation - ANSWERS-A social science research method of
observation at close quarters and, possibly, participating in routine activities.
deviant labels - ANSWERS-Idealogical formulations which carry 'common sense'
versions of the truth; inaccurate simplified, stereotypical representations of the
truth.
carceral society - ANSWERS-From the Latin for prison, 'carcer', it is 'the prison-
like society': surveillance as in prison is extended into society. Panopticism.
immiseration - ANSWERS-To be made miserable or sunk into poverty, especially
an entire population
, white-collar crime - ANSWERS-Any crime committed by an employee who holds
a workplace position of authority or trust
punitiveness - ANSWERS-a concern with or the infliction of punishment
incapacitation - ANSWERS-Preventing (rather than merely deterring) future
offending. E.g. imprisonment, chopping off hands or death.
DD301 three themes - ANSWERS-power; harm and violence; local and global
relations
Four justifications or rationales for punishment - ANSWERS-1) Punishment can
be deserved.
2) Instrumental: the threat of punishment will deter future criminality.
3) Symbolic function as a means of disapproval.
4) Rehabilitation.
retributive model of justice - ANSWERS-Generally, most criminal justice systems
in developed countries are based on a retributive model. Sanctions include
fines, community penalties, imprisonment and, in some jurisdictions, capital
punishment.
