Chapter 29 - Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Chapter 29 - Plant Diversity I <answer> How Plants

Colonized Land

1. For much of Earth's history, the land surface was largely . Some

lived on land 3.2 billion years ago, but it was only within the last 500 million

years that plants, fungi, and animals joined them ashore. Finally, by 385

million years ago, the first appeared (but with different than those of

today) <answer> Lifeless; prokaryotes; small; forest; species

2. Plants evolved from <answer> Green algae

3. Plants Evolved from Green Algae

There are more than 325,000 known species today; most live on

<answer> Plant; land

4. Plants Evolved from Green Algae

Plants supply , sources, and for many other terrestrial organisms-

<answer> Oxygen; food; habitat

5. Plants Evolved from Green Algae

Green algae ( protists) called are the closest relatives of plants

<answer> Pho- tosynthetic; charophytes

6. Evidence of Algal Ancestry


,Plants and some algae are , , photosynthetic <answer>

Multicellular; eukary- otic; autotrophs

7. Evidence of Algal Ancestry

Some algae, like plants, have in their cell walls and containing a

and b <answer> Cellulose; chloroplasts; chlorophyll

8. Evidence of Algal Ancestry - Shared Traits Between Plants and Charo-

phytes

-synthesizing membrane proteins are arranged in , rather than linear

sets <answer> Cellulose; rings

9. Evidence of Algal Ancestry - Shared Traits Between Plants and Charo-

phytes

Sequence similarities in , , and DNA <answer> Nuclear; chloroplast;

mitochon- drial

10. Evidence of Algal Ancestry - Shared Traits Between Plants and Charo-

phytes

Structure of <answer> Flagellated sperm

11. Evidence of Algal Ancestry

Recent genetic analysis indicates in the clade are the closest living

relatives of plants <answer> Charophytes; Zygnematophycaea


,12. Evidence of Algal Ancestry

Plants are not descended from charophytes, but share a with

them <answer> Modern; common ancestor






, 13. Adaptations Enabling the Move to Land

Charophytes have a coating of <answer>

Sporopollenin

14. Adaptations Enabling the Move to Land

Sporopollenin <answer> A polymer that prevents zygotes from drying out

15. Adaptations Enabling the Move to Land Sporopollenin

is also found in plant <answer>

Spore walls

16. Adaptations Enabling the Move to Land

The move to land provided benefits <answer> sunlight,

more plentiful , and

- soil <answer> Unfiltered; CO2; nutrient-rich

17. Adaptations Enabling the Move to Land

Land also presented challenges <answer> a scarcity of and

lack of support against <answer> Water;

structural; gravity

18. Adaptations Enabling the Move to Land

Plants as adaptations evolved that enabled them to thrive on despite

challenges <answer> Diversified; land