CNIT 176 Final Exam 310 complete
accurate Solutions New 2025!!!
CNIT 176 Final Exam 310 complete
accurate Solutions New 2025!!!
Abstract data type - ANSWER A data type whose properties (data and operations) are specified
independently of any particular implementation
LIFO - ANSWER last in first out
Composite data type - ANSWER A data type in which a name is given to a collection of data values
List - ANSWER "container of items", logical operations that can be applied are: Add item, Remove item,
Get next item, or More items
Container - ANSWER Object's whole role is to hold and manipulate other objects
Stack - ANSWER An abstract data type in which accesses are made at only one end (LIFO)
Data structure - ANSWER Implementation of composite data fields in an abstract data type
Push - ANSWER insert on a stack
Array- based - ANSWER Objects in the container are kept in an array
Pop - ANSWER delete on a stack
Linked-based - ANSWER Objects in the container are not kept physically together, but each items tells
you where to go to get the next one in the structure
,CNIT 176 Final Exam 310 complete
accurate Solutions New 2025!!!
Queue - ANSWER An abstract data type in which items are entered at one end and removed from the
other end (FIFO)
FIFO - ANSWER first in first out
Multiprogramming - ANSWER the technique of keeping multiple programs in main memory at the same
time
Frame - ANSWER a fixed size portion of main memory that holds a process page
Batch processing - ANSWER The first operating system was a human operator who organized various
jobs from multiple users into batches of jobs that needed the same resources
Page - ANSWER a fixed size portion of a process that is stored into a memory frame
Time sharing - ANSWER allows multiple users to interact with a computer at the same time
Swap - ANSWER the act of bringing in a page from secondary memory, which often causes another page
to be written back to secondary memory
Thrashing - ANSWER inefficient processing caused by constant page swaps
Single Contiguous Memory Management - ANSWER only 2 programs in memory- operating system and
application program
Process control block - ANSWER a data structure used by the operating system to manage information
about a process
Fixed partitions - ANSWER memory is divided into fixed number of partitions in which programs can be
loaded
,CNIT 176 Final Exam 310 complete
accurate Solutions New 2025!!!
Context switch - ANSWER the exchange of register information
First come, first serve - ANSWER processes are moved to the CPU in the order they arrive in the running
state
Shortest job next - ANSWER process with the shortest estimated running time in the ready state is
moved into the running state first
Round robin - ANSWER each process runs for a specified time slice and moves from the running state to
the ready state to wait its turn if not finished
Dynamic partitions - ANSWER partitions are created as needed to fit the programs waiting to be loaded
Non preemptive - ANSWER the currently executing process gives up the CPU voluntarily
Preemptive - ANSWER the operating system decides to favor another process
Turnaround time - ANSWER the amount of time between when a process arrives in the ready state the
first time and when it exits the running state for the last time
Bounds register - ANSWER a register that holds the length of the current partition
Quantum - ANSWER The amount of time each process receives before being preempted and returned to
the ready state to allow another process its turn, also called Time Slice
First fit - ANSWER allocate program to the first partition big enough to hold it
Best fit - ANSWER allocate program to the smallest partition big enough to hold it
, CNIT 176 Final Exam 310 complete
accurate Solutions New 2025!!!
Worst fit - ANSWER allocate program to the biggest partition able to hold it
BIOS - ANSWER Where hardware meets software, and where all the boot magic begins; BIOS code is
baked into the motherboard of your pc, usually stored on what is called an EEPROM and is considerably
hardware specific.
Partition table - ANSWER an index of up to four partitions that exist on the same disk, a table of contents
MBR - ANSWER Master Boot Record: Located at the first sector of a hard disk, the MBR identifies how
and where the OS is located so that it can be loaded into main RAM.
JMP Instruction - ANSWER assembly equivalent of a goto command
Active partition - ANSWER Partition on a hard drive where the OS boots off of, also called a bootable
partition
Boot menu - ANSWER When a computer is booting up the bios will allow the user to access the boot
menu if a certain key is pressed (normally F2, F12 or esc.) From the boot menu the user can select a
bootable device to load.
Bootloader - ANSWER A program that loads an operating system when a computer is turned on. The
bootsector loads and runs the bootloader from its filesystem. When the bootloader is finally executed, it
loads its configuration/database from files on the same partition.
OS Kernel - ANSWER Communicates with and controls the hardware
EEPROM - ANSWER where the BIOS code is baked into the motherboard of your PC, considerably
hardware-specific.
accurate Solutions New 2025!!!
CNIT 176 Final Exam 310 complete
accurate Solutions New 2025!!!
Abstract data type - ANSWER A data type whose properties (data and operations) are specified
independently of any particular implementation
LIFO - ANSWER last in first out
Composite data type - ANSWER A data type in which a name is given to a collection of data values
List - ANSWER "container of items", logical operations that can be applied are: Add item, Remove item,
Get next item, or More items
Container - ANSWER Object's whole role is to hold and manipulate other objects
Stack - ANSWER An abstract data type in which accesses are made at only one end (LIFO)
Data structure - ANSWER Implementation of composite data fields in an abstract data type
Push - ANSWER insert on a stack
Array- based - ANSWER Objects in the container are kept in an array
Pop - ANSWER delete on a stack
Linked-based - ANSWER Objects in the container are not kept physically together, but each items tells
you where to go to get the next one in the structure
,CNIT 176 Final Exam 310 complete
accurate Solutions New 2025!!!
Queue - ANSWER An abstract data type in which items are entered at one end and removed from the
other end (FIFO)
FIFO - ANSWER first in first out
Multiprogramming - ANSWER the technique of keeping multiple programs in main memory at the same
time
Frame - ANSWER a fixed size portion of main memory that holds a process page
Batch processing - ANSWER The first operating system was a human operator who organized various
jobs from multiple users into batches of jobs that needed the same resources
Page - ANSWER a fixed size portion of a process that is stored into a memory frame
Time sharing - ANSWER allows multiple users to interact with a computer at the same time
Swap - ANSWER the act of bringing in a page from secondary memory, which often causes another page
to be written back to secondary memory
Thrashing - ANSWER inefficient processing caused by constant page swaps
Single Contiguous Memory Management - ANSWER only 2 programs in memory- operating system and
application program
Process control block - ANSWER a data structure used by the operating system to manage information
about a process
Fixed partitions - ANSWER memory is divided into fixed number of partitions in which programs can be
loaded
,CNIT 176 Final Exam 310 complete
accurate Solutions New 2025!!!
Context switch - ANSWER the exchange of register information
First come, first serve - ANSWER processes are moved to the CPU in the order they arrive in the running
state
Shortest job next - ANSWER process with the shortest estimated running time in the ready state is
moved into the running state first
Round robin - ANSWER each process runs for a specified time slice and moves from the running state to
the ready state to wait its turn if not finished
Dynamic partitions - ANSWER partitions are created as needed to fit the programs waiting to be loaded
Non preemptive - ANSWER the currently executing process gives up the CPU voluntarily
Preemptive - ANSWER the operating system decides to favor another process
Turnaround time - ANSWER the amount of time between when a process arrives in the ready state the
first time and when it exits the running state for the last time
Bounds register - ANSWER a register that holds the length of the current partition
Quantum - ANSWER The amount of time each process receives before being preempted and returned to
the ready state to allow another process its turn, also called Time Slice
First fit - ANSWER allocate program to the first partition big enough to hold it
Best fit - ANSWER allocate program to the smallest partition big enough to hold it
, CNIT 176 Final Exam 310 complete
accurate Solutions New 2025!!!
Worst fit - ANSWER allocate program to the biggest partition able to hold it
BIOS - ANSWER Where hardware meets software, and where all the boot magic begins; BIOS code is
baked into the motherboard of your pc, usually stored on what is called an EEPROM and is considerably
hardware specific.
Partition table - ANSWER an index of up to four partitions that exist on the same disk, a table of contents
MBR - ANSWER Master Boot Record: Located at the first sector of a hard disk, the MBR identifies how
and where the OS is located so that it can be loaded into main RAM.
JMP Instruction - ANSWER assembly equivalent of a goto command
Active partition - ANSWER Partition on a hard drive where the OS boots off of, also called a bootable
partition
Boot menu - ANSWER When a computer is booting up the bios will allow the user to access the boot
menu if a certain key is pressed (normally F2, F12 or esc.) From the boot menu the user can select a
bootable device to load.
Bootloader - ANSWER A program that loads an operating system when a computer is turned on. The
bootsector loads and runs the bootloader from its filesystem. When the bootloader is finally executed, it
loads its configuration/database from files on the same partition.
OS Kernel - ANSWER Communicates with and controls the hardware
EEPROM - ANSWER where the BIOS code is baked into the motherboard of your PC, considerably
hardware-specific.
