GCSE EDEXCEL June 2024 Geography A Paper 2

GCSE EDEXCEL June 2024 Geography A Paper 2 how can businesses use energy more sustainably - ANSWER-using renewables is good for public relations (but are often too expensive for smaller companies) .how can development be measured - ANSWER-using economic indicators (e.g. GDP); social indicators (e.g. life expectancy) and political indicators (e.g. the Corruption Perception Index) .how can governments use energy more sustainably - ANSWER-create targets and pledges with other world leaders to reduce global warming; invest in renewable energy and sustainable transport; encourage more sustainable travel (e.g. public transport or cycling); introduce congestion charges in cities .how can individuals use energy more sustainably - ANSWER-use energy efficient products and install solar panels (however many people consider them to be too expensive and ugly) .how culturally diverse is Birmingham - ANSWER-multicultural with nearly a quarter of its residents born outside the UK .how culturally diverse is Mexico City - ANSWER-largest Spanish-speaking country in the world .how do humans exploit the environment - ANSWER-deforestation (reduces biodiversity and causes soil erosion); overfishing (reduces biodiversity and disrupts food chains); farming (intensive farming reduces biodiversity); oil extraction (pollutes rivers relied upon by indigenous people) .how does a lack of investment in some parts of Birmingham decrease quality of life for residents - ANSWER-population growth puts pressure on services (e.g. housing and education) while migrants often don't have the required skills or qualifications for the available jobs .how does consumption of natural resources vary between developed and developing/emerging countries - ANSWER-developed countries consume more water, food and energy than developing/emerging countries .how does the Bavaria Solar Park help Germany to produce energy sustainably - ANSWER-nearly 60 000 panels covering 62 acres save over 3 000 tonnes of carbon emissions per year and can rotate to face the sun (6MW power) .how does the Gobi Desert Solar Farm help China produce energy sustainably - ANSWER-cover 6 300 acres of vacant land and will be able to power 1 million homes and reduce coal usage by over 4 million tonnes per year (800 MW power) .how does the level of development vary globally - ANSWER-uneven, but generally higher in the northern hemisphere and Australia (above the Brandt line) and lower in the southern hemisphere (below the Brandt line) .how does the Nordsee Ost Wind Farm help Germany to produce energy sustainably - ANSWER-the 48 turbines power 320 000 homes and offset 850 000 tonnes of carbon emissions per year (295 MW power) .how does the Three Gorges Dam help China produce energy sustainably - ANSWER-aimed to reduce flooding downstream and displaced 1.3 million people but is the most productive hydro-electric dam in the world (22 500 MW power from 32 turbine generators) .how does the UK intend to use fracking as an alternative to importing natural gas - ANSWER-produces shale gas when water mixed with sand and chemicals is injected into a well, however this requires a lot of water and the chemicals are polluting .how does the Xinjiang Wind Farm help China produce energy sustainably - ANSWER-42 turbines (200 MW power) .how environmentally conscious is Birmingham - ANSWER-has many parks and was once ranked the 15th most sustainable city in the UK .how has Birmingham tried to improve its sustainability - ANSWER-improved its recycling system (less waste going to landfill); encouraged residents to travel more sustainably and invested in public transport; invested in reducing heat loss from houses; made housing more affordable; education partnerships to improve the quality of education; Sparkbrook Community and Healthcare Centre .how has Birmingham tried to regenerate and diversify its CBD - ANSWER-Bullring shopping centre; Mailbox (high-end shops; restaurants and offices); International Convention Centre (ICC); improved transport systems; more investment in culture (theatres, cafes, etc.) .how has deindustrialisation changed Birmingham - ANSWER-increasing demand for foreign goods (e.g. cars) in the 1930s forced factories to shut down which caused mass unemployment (since globalisation meant goods could be made more cheaply in less developed countries and technological advancements decreased the need for labour), today old factories have been redeveloped or demolished to make way for housing .how has employment in each sector changed over time in India - ANSWER-primary decreasing; second increasing; tertiary increasing; quaternary increasing .how has lack of investment in some parts of Birmingham led to deprivation - ANSWER-40% of the population are among the most deprived in England, deprivation is prevalent in the inner city areas but also the suburbs .how has migration impacted Mexico city - ANSWER-young migrants seeking employment bring new skills, businesses benefit from low-wage labour; housing shortage increases population in perifericos; more cars have caused more pollution leading to respiratory issues .how has rapid growth led to extreme inequalities in Mexico City - ANSWER-1 in 3 workers are paid less than $4/day; the top 20% earn 13x more than the bottom 20%; the poorest 10% average 2 years of schooling compared to 12 years for the richest 10%; those living in unplanned settlements have no access to electricity or running water while the rich have large houses with gardens and swimming pools .how has retailing changed in the UK over time - ANSWER-chain shops - independent retailers; shopping in city centre - shopping in out-of-town shopping centres; shopping in-person - shopping online .how has the structure of India's population changed over time - ANSWER-less people 15 (as infant mortality and therefore birth rates have fallen); more people aged 15-64; more people 65+ as life expectancy increases .how is Birmingham structured - ANSWER-central CBD is the city's financial centre; inner city comprises mainly of terraced housing; suburbs contain mainly semi-detached houses from the 1930s and 1960s as the city grew; rural-urban fringe contains newer housing as well as industrial units and out-of-town shopping centres .how is Birmingham's connectivity - ANSWER-accessible motorways, New Street railway station and Birmingham International Airport mean that Birmingham has very good connectivity .how is Mexico City structured - ANSWER-CBD is the financial sector consisting of government buildings, office blocks and the Mexican Stock Exchange; elite housing along spine connecting CBD to mall; zone of maturity (inner city) is middle-class housing; zone of in situ accretion is unfinished, lower quality housing with roads and electricity only available in some areas; periferico is outermost ring consisting of unplanned, self-built slum settlements .how is Mexico City's connectivity - ANSWER-major highways link it to north and south america .how is the UK's energy mix changing - ANSWER-- fossil fuels; + renewables .how is the UK's population distributed - ANSWER-unevenly, but generally lower in the north and higher in the south with large cities having very high population densities (London the highest) .what are abiotic resources - ANSWER-non-living resources obtained from the atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere, e.g. soil and sunlight .what are biotic resources - ANSWER-living resources obtained from the biosphere (capable of reproduction), e.g. animals and plants .what are diasporas - ANSWER-scattered settlements of a particular nation group living abroad .what are non-renewable resources - ANSWER-resources which take millions of years to form and cannot be remade, e.g. coal and oil .what are renewable resources - ANSWER-resources that can be naturally replenished and last forever, e.g. wind and solar power .what are the advantages and disadvantages of bottom-up aid - ANSWER-advantages: help the most needy, can be put in place faster; disadvantages: reliant on NGOs, do not benefit lots of people