Ati Nutrition Proctored Exam Study Guide Exam Questions And Correct Detailed Answers With Rationales Already Graded A+

ATI Nutrition Proctored Exam
Study Guide
EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES ALREADY
GRADED A+


Carbohydrates - (correct answer) -Carbs should make up 45-65% of calories.
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Function in body: energy, regulate fat/protein metabolism, and are important for cardiac and
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CNS functioning.
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Carbs provide 4 calories/gram of energy.
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Glycogen - (correct answer) -stored carbohydrate energy in the liver and muscles, released in
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between meals to maintain blood glucose levels.
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Recommended fiber intake - (correct answer) -25g/day for women jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl




38g/day for men jl jl




Protein - (correct answer) -Protein should make up 10-35% of calories (0.8g/kg)
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Function: supports tissue building, metabolism, immune function, maintain nitrogen balance.
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Important for wound healing!
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Provide 9 calories/gram of energy
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Complete proteins: - (correct answer) -Contain sufficient amounts of 9 essential amino acids
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(animal sources and soy)
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incomplete proteins - (correct answer) -(Plant sources) can be combined to make a complete
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protein
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Examples of PEM - (correct answer) -Kwashiorkor, Marasmus
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Lipds/Fats - (correct answer) -Should make up 20-35% of calories (less than 10% should come
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from saturated fat, with a goal of less than 7%)
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,Functions in body: stored energy for the body, provides padding and insulation. Important
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for hormone production and absorption of fat soluble vitamins.
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Fats provide 9 calories/gram of energy
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Cholesterol - (correct answer) -should be limited to 200-300mg/day
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Identify water soluble vs fat soluble vitamins - (correct answer) -Water soluble: Vitamin C, B-
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complex (Thiamin B1, Riboflavin B2, Niacin B3, Pyridoxine B6, Pantothenic acid, Biotin,
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Folate, Cobalamin B12)
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jl Fat Soluble: Vitamin A, D, E, K.
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Fat soluble vitamins have a risk of toxicity since they are stored in the body for a long time.
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Conditions that impair absorption of fat soluble vitamins - (correct answer) -Cystic fibrosis,
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Celiac disease, Crohn's Disease.
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Vitamin C - (correct answer) -Function: tissue building, metabolism, IRON ABSORPTION.
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Foods: citrus fruits.juices, tomatoes, green leafy vegetables, peppers.
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Increase during times of stress/illnessjl jl jl jl




Smokers need more. jl jl




Deficiency of Vitamin C - (correct answer) -Scurvy - S/S bleeding, joint pain, swollen gums,
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B-Complex - (correct answer) -Function: metabolism, energy, NERVE FUNCTIONING.
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Foods: meats, milk, enriched grains, whole grains, legumes, green leafy vegetables.
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B-Complex deficiencies - (correct answer) -Deficiency of Thiamin - BERIBERI, common in
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those with alcohol use disorder.
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Riboflavin - cheilosis (cracking at the corner of the mouth, glossitis.)
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Folate: can result in NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS in utero.
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Cobalamin: PERNICIOUS ANEMIA. Affects strict vegans and those lacking intrinsic factor
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(need for absorption of b12)
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Vitamin A - (correct answer) -Function: VISION HEALTHL skeletal and soft tissue
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development/strength.
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Foods: orange/yellow fruits and veggies, fatty fish, eggs, liver, dairy products.
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, Vitamin A deficiency - (correct answer) -vision issues, xerophthalmia (dry/thickened
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conjunctiva and cornea)
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Vitamin D - (correct answer) -Function: helps with ABSORPTION OF CALCIUM and
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phosphorus, bone mineralization.
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Foods/sources: Sunlight, fortified milk, fatty fish, eggs. jl jl jl jl jl jl




Vitamin D deficiencies - (correct answer) -Rickets, bone loss
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Vitamin E - (correct answer) -Function: Antioxidant (protects cells from damage)
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Foods: fat containing foods; vegetable oil, nuts. Dark green vegetables, whole grains.
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Vitamin E deficiency - (correct answer) -Rare: muscle pain/weakness, poor balance
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Vitamin K - (correct answer) -Function: BLOOD CLOTTING, bone maintenance.
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Foods: dark green vegetables, carrots, eggs.
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VITAMIN K IS ANTIDOTE FOR WARFARIN!
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Vitamin K deficiencies - (correct answer) -INCREASED BLEEDING TIME
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Sodium (Na) - (correct answer) -136-145 mEq/L
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Function: maintains fluid balance in body, nerve and muscle function.
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Foods: salt, processed foods.
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Hypernatremia - (correct answer) -Sodium: jl jl jl jl jl




hypervolemia (fluid overload), hypertension jl jl jl




Hyponatremia - (correct answer) -Sodium: jl jl jl jl




CONFUSION (common in the elderly!), muscle cramping, fatigue, n/v, headache
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Potassium (K) - (correct answer) -3.5-5.0 mEq/L
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Functions: maintains ICF, nerve function, regulates muscle and heart contractions.
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Foods: bananas, potatoes, tomatoes, oranges, cantaloupe, avocados, dark green vegetables.
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Hyperkalemia - (correct answer) -(potassium) jl jl jl jl




DYSRHYTHMIAS, muscle weakness, numbness/tingling, n/v, confusion. jl jl jl jl jl