NURS 367 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS GRADED A+.
What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum? What is the control center of the cell? - Answer
The ER is an extensive system of paired membranes and flat vesicles that connect various parts of the
inner cell"
nucleus
Rough ER - Answer has ribosomes attached Proteins made by the rough ER usually become parts of
organelles or cell membranes, or are secreted from cells as a protein.
The rough ER makes
(1) digestive enzymes found in lysosomes and
(2) proteins that are secreted, such as the protein hormone insulin."
The smooth ER - Answer free of ribosomes and has a smooth structure when viewed through a.
Because it does not have ribosomes attached, the smooth ER does not participate in protein synthesis.
Instead, the smooth ER is involved in the synthesis of lipids including steroid hormones. The smooth ER
of the liver is involved in storage of extra glucose as glycogen as well as metabolism of some hormone
drugs."
What is the effect of cold on blood viscosity and blood vessel size? - Answer Exposure to cold increases
blood viscosity and induces vasoconstriction by direct action on blood vessels and through reflex activity
of the sympathetic nervous system.
What are the characteristics of a benign neoplasm - Answer cell are well- differentiated that resemble
cells in the tissue of origin
usually slow, may come to a standstill or regress
, grows by expansion without invading the surrounding tissues
does not spread by metastasis
malignant - Answer cell are undifferentiated, bears little resemblance to cells in the tissue of
origin( atypical structure)
more rapid rate of growth, more undifferentiated, more faster
grows by invasion, infiltrate surrounding tissues
metasisits, gains access to blood and lymph channels
Define the term injury and types of injury to the cell. - Answer Injury from physical agents
Radiation injury
Chemical injury
Injury from biologic agents
Injury from nutritional imbalances
Define the term "portal of entry" in terms of the infection cycle - Answer The portal of entry refers to
the process by which a pathogen enters the body, gains access to tissues, and causes disease.
Among the potential modes of transmission are penetration, direct contact, ingestion, and inhalation.
The portal of entry does not dictate the site of infection. Ingested pathogens may penetrate the
intestinal mucosa, disseminate through the circulatory system, and cause diseases in other organs such
as the lung or liver.
Regardless of the mechanisms of entry, the transmission of infectious agents is directly related to the
number of infectious agents absorbed by the host."
AND ANSWERS GRADED A+.
What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum? What is the control center of the cell? - Answer
The ER is an extensive system of paired membranes and flat vesicles that connect various parts of the
inner cell"
nucleus
Rough ER - Answer has ribosomes attached Proteins made by the rough ER usually become parts of
organelles or cell membranes, or are secreted from cells as a protein.
The rough ER makes
(1) digestive enzymes found in lysosomes and
(2) proteins that are secreted, such as the protein hormone insulin."
The smooth ER - Answer free of ribosomes and has a smooth structure when viewed through a.
Because it does not have ribosomes attached, the smooth ER does not participate in protein synthesis.
Instead, the smooth ER is involved in the synthesis of lipids including steroid hormones. The smooth ER
of the liver is involved in storage of extra glucose as glycogen as well as metabolism of some hormone
drugs."
What is the effect of cold on blood viscosity and blood vessel size? - Answer Exposure to cold increases
blood viscosity and induces vasoconstriction by direct action on blood vessels and through reflex activity
of the sympathetic nervous system.
What are the characteristics of a benign neoplasm - Answer cell are well- differentiated that resemble
cells in the tissue of origin
usually slow, may come to a standstill or regress
, grows by expansion without invading the surrounding tissues
does not spread by metastasis
malignant - Answer cell are undifferentiated, bears little resemblance to cells in the tissue of
origin( atypical structure)
more rapid rate of growth, more undifferentiated, more faster
grows by invasion, infiltrate surrounding tissues
metasisits, gains access to blood and lymph channels
Define the term injury and types of injury to the cell. - Answer Injury from physical agents
Radiation injury
Chemical injury
Injury from biologic agents
Injury from nutritional imbalances
Define the term "portal of entry" in terms of the infection cycle - Answer The portal of entry refers to
the process by which a pathogen enters the body, gains access to tissues, and causes disease.
Among the potential modes of transmission are penetration, direct contact, ingestion, and inhalation.
The portal of entry does not dictate the site of infection. Ingested pathogens may penetrate the
intestinal mucosa, disseminate through the circulatory system, and cause diseases in other organs such
as the lung or liver.
Regardless of the mechanisms of entry, the transmission of infectious agents is directly related to the
number of infectious agents absorbed by the host."
