NTR FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
Describe ways to be safe when taking dietary supplements. - Answer--never take more
than recommended on label
-don't assume natural means safe, -don't take products containing animal glands/organs
-don't take anything containing hormones
-look for the USP or ConsumerLab.com seal before buying a supplement
-make sure you tell your doctor about any supplements you are taking
-take supplements w/ food
Explain the basis for differentiating between major and trace minerals - Answer-major:
present in body in larger amounts
trace: present in body in smaller amounts
List the ways in which mineral absorption can be decreased. - Answer--decreased when
other compounds interfere with the absorption process
-fiber & phytate can bind to minerals to prevent absorption
Explain why high levels of minerals in general can be undesirable - Answer-The ability
to excrete minerals once absorbed is low so minerals can build up over time and
become toxic
Calcium:
List its functions and explain how those functions are related to how levels are
controlled in the body. - Answer-1% if calcium is in the blood stream and its functions
are:
-transmission of nerve impulses
-muscle contraction
-blood clotting
-maintenance of blood pressure
Blood calcium levels controlled by:
-vitamin D: aids in absorption
-other hormones (parathyroid and calcitonin)
Explain the factors that contribute to the development of osteoporosis - Answer-
marginal levels increase risk for osteoporosis
Explain why women are at greater risk for osteoporosis than men. - Answer--have
acceleration of bone loss at menopause
-have lower total bone mass to start with
, Explain the roles that calcium plays in the prevention of osteoporosis and why the
calcium DRI changes with age. - Answer--maximize bone density early
-slow bone loss later with adequate intake
-calcium DRI changes with age bc peak bone mass occurs at 30 and afterwards bone
loss starts to outpace bone deposition
Calcium:
List examples of good dietary sources and explain why some sources look better on
"paper" than they really are. - Answer--good sources: dairy products, canned fish with
soft bones, greens, broccoli
-some foods look good but have high levels of oxalate which significantly decreases the
amount of calcium that can actually be absorbed
List other conditions that may be related to marginal levels of calcium intake (6) -
Answer--high blood pressure
-obesity
-premenstrual syndrome
-insulin resistance
-colon cancer
-kidney stones
Sodium and Potassium:
Explain their relationship to each other and to blood pressure - Answer--work together
to maintain fluid balance and therefore blood pressure
-pumps work to keep sodium outside cells and potassium inside cells
Explain why we have a taste for salt and why it was difficult for our ancestors to get
enough - Answer--difficult because naturally occurring levels of salt in food are very low
Identify where the vast majority of sodium comes from in the diet, as well as good
sources for potassium and explain how that affects the ability to meet the respective
DRIs. - Answer--majority of sodium is already in the food before we buy it (mostly in
processed foods
-good sources of potassium: bananas, vegetables, legumes
-affects DRI, because ratio of salt to potassium becomes off balance and DRI is no
longer effective
Describe how the ratio of Na:K has changed in the diet over time. - Answer--sodium and
potassium work together so with the increase in sodium, there has to be an increase of
potassium to maintain a healthy blood pressure
-DRIs for sodium are designed to try to get Americans back to a more "natural" Na:K
ratio
CORRECT ANSWERS
Describe ways to be safe when taking dietary supplements. - Answer--never take more
than recommended on label
-don't assume natural means safe, -don't take products containing animal glands/organs
-don't take anything containing hormones
-look for the USP or ConsumerLab.com seal before buying a supplement
-make sure you tell your doctor about any supplements you are taking
-take supplements w/ food
Explain the basis for differentiating between major and trace minerals - Answer-major:
present in body in larger amounts
trace: present in body in smaller amounts
List the ways in which mineral absorption can be decreased. - Answer--decreased when
other compounds interfere with the absorption process
-fiber & phytate can bind to minerals to prevent absorption
Explain why high levels of minerals in general can be undesirable - Answer-The ability
to excrete minerals once absorbed is low so minerals can build up over time and
become toxic
Calcium:
List its functions and explain how those functions are related to how levels are
controlled in the body. - Answer-1% if calcium is in the blood stream and its functions
are:
-transmission of nerve impulses
-muscle contraction
-blood clotting
-maintenance of blood pressure
Blood calcium levels controlled by:
-vitamin D: aids in absorption
-other hormones (parathyroid and calcitonin)
Explain the factors that contribute to the development of osteoporosis - Answer-
marginal levels increase risk for osteoporosis
Explain why women are at greater risk for osteoporosis than men. - Answer--have
acceleration of bone loss at menopause
-have lower total bone mass to start with
, Explain the roles that calcium plays in the prevention of osteoporosis and why the
calcium DRI changes with age. - Answer--maximize bone density early
-slow bone loss later with adequate intake
-calcium DRI changes with age bc peak bone mass occurs at 30 and afterwards bone
loss starts to outpace bone deposition
Calcium:
List examples of good dietary sources and explain why some sources look better on
"paper" than they really are. - Answer--good sources: dairy products, canned fish with
soft bones, greens, broccoli
-some foods look good but have high levels of oxalate which significantly decreases the
amount of calcium that can actually be absorbed
List other conditions that may be related to marginal levels of calcium intake (6) -
Answer--high blood pressure
-obesity
-premenstrual syndrome
-insulin resistance
-colon cancer
-kidney stones
Sodium and Potassium:
Explain their relationship to each other and to blood pressure - Answer--work together
to maintain fluid balance and therefore blood pressure
-pumps work to keep sodium outside cells and potassium inside cells
Explain why we have a taste for salt and why it was difficult for our ancestors to get
enough - Answer--difficult because naturally occurring levels of salt in food are very low
Identify where the vast majority of sodium comes from in the diet, as well as good
sources for potassium and explain how that affects the ability to meet the respective
DRIs. - Answer--majority of sodium is already in the food before we buy it (mostly in
processed foods
-good sources of potassium: bananas, vegetables, legumes
-affects DRI, because ratio of salt to potassium becomes off balance and DRI is no
longer effective
Describe how the ratio of Na:K has changed in the diet over time. - Answer--sodium and
potassium work together so with the increase in sodium, there has to be an increase of
potassium to maintain a healthy blood pressure
-DRIs for sodium are designed to try to get Americans back to a more "natural" Na:K
ratio
