NTR 604 - MIDTERM PARENTERAL
NUTRITION ACID-BASE BALANCE
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
ANSWERS
when using a central line, which concentration of carbohydrates do you use? - Answer-
higher concentration - >10%
minimum carbohydrate requirements in PN - Answer-100-150 g/day
what amount of carbs should you provide to a hyperglycemic or highly stressed patient?
- Answer-4-5 g/kg
energy yield of lipid for 10% solution =
energy yield of lipid for 20% solution = - Answer-1.1 kcal/ml
2 kcal/ml
how many calories does 1 g fat from 10% lipid yield?
what about 20%? - Answer-11 calories
10 calories
which % lipid should you use for PPN?
what about for a central line? - Answer-10%
20%
PN lipid is ___ meaning that it does not contribute to osmolarity of a solution - Answer-
isotonic
what percent of kcal in lipid do you need to provide to prevent essential fatty acid
deficiency?
what % of kcal should you not exceed?
how does this maximum translate to g/kg/day? - Answer-10%
60%
, 2.5
what is the recommended intake of lipid requirements in g/kg/day and % calories? -
Answer-1-1.5 g/kg/day
20-40%
check ___ level before starting total peripheral nutrition
the level should be ___ mg/dl 4 hours after lipid infusion for piggybacked lipids and ___
mg/dl for continuously infused lipids - Answer-triglyceride
<250 mg/dl, <400 mg/dl
TG level > 500 could lead to ___ or ___. Lipid infusion should be stopped if TG > 500
mg/dl. - Answer-pancreatitis, respiratory distress
carbohydrates should be what % of kcal? - Answer-40-60%
what do you use instead of bicarbonate in PN and why? - Answer-acetate, because it
changes the pH of the solution and forms insoluble precipitates with calcium and
magnesium
Na+ and K+ are available as (3) - Answer-Cl-, acetate, or phosphate
Na+ and K+ combine with Cl- or acetate in a ____ ratio - Answer-1:1
phosphorus is added to PN as (2) - Answer-sodium phosphate or potassium phosphate
magnesium is available as ___ salt - Answer-sulfate
calcium ___ is used most frequently (most soluble) - Answer-gluconate
why can you use acetate in PN instead of bicarbonate? - Answer-because acetate is a
precursor to bicarbonate
what is the standard dose of trace elements in ml/day during PN? - Answer-3-4 ml/day
trace elements include what 6 minerals? - Answer-zinc, copper, manganese, iodine,
chromium, and selenium
how much additional zinc would you add for wound healing? - Answer-5-10 mg
NUTRITION ACID-BASE BALANCE
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
ANSWERS
when using a central line, which concentration of carbohydrates do you use? - Answer-
higher concentration - >10%
minimum carbohydrate requirements in PN - Answer-100-150 g/day
what amount of carbs should you provide to a hyperglycemic or highly stressed patient?
- Answer-4-5 g/kg
energy yield of lipid for 10% solution =
energy yield of lipid for 20% solution = - Answer-1.1 kcal/ml
2 kcal/ml
how many calories does 1 g fat from 10% lipid yield?
what about 20%? - Answer-11 calories
10 calories
which % lipid should you use for PPN?
what about for a central line? - Answer-10%
20%
PN lipid is ___ meaning that it does not contribute to osmolarity of a solution - Answer-
isotonic
what percent of kcal in lipid do you need to provide to prevent essential fatty acid
deficiency?
what % of kcal should you not exceed?
how does this maximum translate to g/kg/day? - Answer-10%
60%
, 2.5
what is the recommended intake of lipid requirements in g/kg/day and % calories? -
Answer-1-1.5 g/kg/day
20-40%
check ___ level before starting total peripheral nutrition
the level should be ___ mg/dl 4 hours after lipid infusion for piggybacked lipids and ___
mg/dl for continuously infused lipids - Answer-triglyceride
<250 mg/dl, <400 mg/dl
TG level > 500 could lead to ___ or ___. Lipid infusion should be stopped if TG > 500
mg/dl. - Answer-pancreatitis, respiratory distress
carbohydrates should be what % of kcal? - Answer-40-60%
what do you use instead of bicarbonate in PN and why? - Answer-acetate, because it
changes the pH of the solution and forms insoluble precipitates with calcium and
magnesium
Na+ and K+ are available as (3) - Answer-Cl-, acetate, or phosphate
Na+ and K+ combine with Cl- or acetate in a ____ ratio - Answer-1:1
phosphorus is added to PN as (2) - Answer-sodium phosphate or potassium phosphate
magnesium is available as ___ salt - Answer-sulfate
calcium ___ is used most frequently (most soluble) - Answer-gluconate
why can you use acetate in PN instead of bicarbonate? - Answer-because acetate is a
precursor to bicarbonate
what is the standard dose of trace elements in ml/day during PN? - Answer-3-4 ml/day
trace elements include what 6 minerals? - Answer-zinc, copper, manganese, iodine,
chromium, and selenium
how much additional zinc would you add for wound healing? - Answer-5-10 mg
