Abdominal Sonography Questions ARDMS review|Questions With
Correct Answers|Verified
example of prehepatic portal hypertension - ✔✔portal vein thrombosis
example of intrahepatic portal hypertension - ✔✔cirrhosis
example of posthepatic portal hypertension - ✔✔Budd-Chiari syndrome
identify causes of renal vein thrombosis - ✔✔1. IVC or renal vein
extrinsic compression
2. nephrotic syndrome
3. renal tumors
4. renal allografts
5. trauma
list 4 sonographic indications for acute renal vein thrombosis - ✔✔1.
dilated thrombosed renal vein
2. absence of venous flow within the kidney
3. enlarged hypoechoic kidney
4. high resistive renal artery waveform
,what is the most common cause of acute renal failure? - ✔✔acute
tubular necrosis is the most common cause of acute renal failure.
causes include: shock, trauma, sepsis and drug toxicity. renal
enlargement and increased resistive index may be seen associated with
ATN.
sonographically, how is obstructive nephropathy differentiated from
nonobstructive nephropathy? - ✔✔obstructive nephropathy
(hydronephrosis) is diagnosed using an intrarenal resistivity index (RI)
threshold of greater than 0.7. this method of determining obstruction is
only relevant to acute obstruction. the resistive index may be normal in
chronic obstruction. nonobstructive nephropathy will have resistive
index values of less than 0.7.
ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction is a common congenital
anomaly. what genitourinary tract anomaly is commonly associated
with contralateral UPJ obstruction? - ✔✔unilateral multicystic
dysplastic kidney is commonly associated with a contralateral
ureteropelvic junction obstruction.
renal calculi are the most common cause of obstruction in patients with
acute flank pain. name three common locations within the urinary tract
for obstruction from a renal calculi. - ✔✔1. ureterovesical
junction(most common***)
2. ureteropelvic junction
3. ureteric obstruction at level of pelvic inlet
,resistive index is a measurement used to evaluate renal transplants,
assess suspected hydronephrosis, evaluate medical renal disease, and
evaluate suspected renal neoplasms. what is the formula for resistive
index? - ✔✔resistive index= Peak systolic freq-end diastolic freq/
peak systolic freq
describe the waveform characteristics of the arterial side of an
arteriovenous fistula - ✔✔the waveform of the arterial side of an
arteriovenous fistula demonstrates an abnormally low resistive arterial
flow pattern. this means a waveform with increased and sustained
diastolic flow.
describe the waveform characteristics of the venous side of an
arteriovenous fistula - ✔✔the venous side of an arteriovenous fistula
demonstrates a waveform with increased velocity, pulsatility and with
spectral broadening due to turbulence.
list 4 sonographic criteria for determining renal artery stenosis - ✔✔1.
kidney size less than 9 cm in length
2. peak main renal artery velocity > 180 cm/sec
3. renal artery/aorta ratio > 3.5
4. intrarenal parvus tardus waveform
, describe the sonographic appearance of a ureterocele - ✔✔round,
cystic structures that project into the bladder lumen at the
ureterovesical junction
name the structure that connects the apex of the bladder to the
umbilicus - ✔✔median umbilical ligament ( urachus)
what is the term that describes cystic dilatation of the median umbilical
ligament (urachus) - ✔✔urachal cyst - seen as an echo-free tubular
structure in the lower abdomen that extends from the umbilicus to the
dome of the bladder
what object is placed in the IVC to prevent the ascension of lower
extremity thrombus into the lungs? - ✔✔Greenfield Filter
what role can ultrasound play in the evaluation of the Greenfield filter?
- ✔✔can determine location
trace the sequence of branching renal arteries from the aorta to the
renal capsule - ✔✔main renal artery
segmental arteries
interlobar arteries
arcuate arteries
interlobar arteries
Correct Answers|Verified
example of prehepatic portal hypertension - ✔✔portal vein thrombosis
example of intrahepatic portal hypertension - ✔✔cirrhosis
example of posthepatic portal hypertension - ✔✔Budd-Chiari syndrome
identify causes of renal vein thrombosis - ✔✔1. IVC or renal vein
extrinsic compression
2. nephrotic syndrome
3. renal tumors
4. renal allografts
5. trauma
list 4 sonographic indications for acute renal vein thrombosis - ✔✔1.
dilated thrombosed renal vein
2. absence of venous flow within the kidney
3. enlarged hypoechoic kidney
4. high resistive renal artery waveform
,what is the most common cause of acute renal failure? - ✔✔acute
tubular necrosis is the most common cause of acute renal failure.
causes include: shock, trauma, sepsis and drug toxicity. renal
enlargement and increased resistive index may be seen associated with
ATN.
sonographically, how is obstructive nephropathy differentiated from
nonobstructive nephropathy? - ✔✔obstructive nephropathy
(hydronephrosis) is diagnosed using an intrarenal resistivity index (RI)
threshold of greater than 0.7. this method of determining obstruction is
only relevant to acute obstruction. the resistive index may be normal in
chronic obstruction. nonobstructive nephropathy will have resistive
index values of less than 0.7.
ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction is a common congenital
anomaly. what genitourinary tract anomaly is commonly associated
with contralateral UPJ obstruction? - ✔✔unilateral multicystic
dysplastic kidney is commonly associated with a contralateral
ureteropelvic junction obstruction.
renal calculi are the most common cause of obstruction in patients with
acute flank pain. name three common locations within the urinary tract
for obstruction from a renal calculi. - ✔✔1. ureterovesical
junction(most common***)
2. ureteropelvic junction
3. ureteric obstruction at level of pelvic inlet
,resistive index is a measurement used to evaluate renal transplants,
assess suspected hydronephrosis, evaluate medical renal disease, and
evaluate suspected renal neoplasms. what is the formula for resistive
index? - ✔✔resistive index= Peak systolic freq-end diastolic freq/
peak systolic freq
describe the waveform characteristics of the arterial side of an
arteriovenous fistula - ✔✔the waveform of the arterial side of an
arteriovenous fistula demonstrates an abnormally low resistive arterial
flow pattern. this means a waveform with increased and sustained
diastolic flow.
describe the waveform characteristics of the venous side of an
arteriovenous fistula - ✔✔the venous side of an arteriovenous fistula
demonstrates a waveform with increased velocity, pulsatility and with
spectral broadening due to turbulence.
list 4 sonographic criteria for determining renal artery stenosis - ✔✔1.
kidney size less than 9 cm in length
2. peak main renal artery velocity > 180 cm/sec
3. renal artery/aorta ratio > 3.5
4. intrarenal parvus tardus waveform
, describe the sonographic appearance of a ureterocele - ✔✔round,
cystic structures that project into the bladder lumen at the
ureterovesical junction
name the structure that connects the apex of the bladder to the
umbilicus - ✔✔median umbilical ligament ( urachus)
what is the term that describes cystic dilatation of the median umbilical
ligament (urachus) - ✔✔urachal cyst - seen as an echo-free tubular
structure in the lower abdomen that extends from the umbilicus to the
dome of the bladder
what object is placed in the IVC to prevent the ascension of lower
extremity thrombus into the lungs? - ✔✔Greenfield Filter
what role can ultrasound play in the evaluation of the Greenfield filter?
- ✔✔can determine location
trace the sequence of branching renal arteries from the aorta to the
renal capsule - ✔✔main renal artery
segmental arteries
interlobar arteries
arcuate arteries
interlobar arteries
