Solution Manual for Statistics for Nursing Research A Workbook for Evidence-Based Practice 3rd Edition by Susan K. Grove, All Chapters

Solution Manual for
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Solution Manual for
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Statistics for Nursing
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ResearchAWorkbook for
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Evidence-Based Practice
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3rd Edition Susan Grove
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Daisha
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, Answer Guidelines for Questions to Be Graded jia jia jia jia jia jia




Measurement:Nominal,
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1
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The questions are in bold followed by answers.
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1. In Table 1, identify the level of measurement for the current therapy variable.
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Provide a rationale for your answer.
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Answer: The current therapy variable was measured at the nominal level. These drug
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categories were probably developed to be exhaustive for this study and included the
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categories of drugs the subjects were receiving. However, the categories are not
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exclusive, since patients are usually on more than one category of these drugs to
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manage their health problems. The current therapies are not measured at the ordinal
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level because they cannot be rank ordered, since no drug category can be considered more
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or less beneficial than another drug category (see Figure 1-1; Grove & Gray, 2019).
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2. What is the mode for the current therapy variable in this study? Provide a
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rationale for
jija your answer. jija j i j a jija


Answer: The mode for current therapy was β blocker. A total of 100 (94%) of the cardiac
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patients
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were receiving this category of drug, which was the most common
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prescribed drug for this sample.
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3. What statistics were conducted to describe the BMI of the cardiac patients in
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this sample? Discuss whether these analysis techniques were appropriate or
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inappropriate.
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Answer: BMI was described with a mean and standard deviation (SD). BMI measurement
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resulted in ratio-level data with continuous values and an absolute zero (Stone &
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Frazier, 2017). Ratio- level data should be analyzed with parametric statistics such as the
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mean and SD (Grove & Gray, 2017; Knapp, 2017).
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4. Researchers used the following item to measure registered nurses’ (RNs) income in a
jija jija jija jija jija jija jija jija jija jija jija jija


study:
jija What category identifies your current income as an RN?
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a. Less than $50,000 jija jija


b. $50,000 to 59,999 jija jija


c. $60,000 to 69,999 jija jija


d. $70,000 to 80,000 jija jija


e. $80,000 or greater jija jija




What level of measurement is this income variable?
jija jija jija jija jija jija jija jija Does the income variable jija jija jija


follow the rules outlined in Figure 1-1? Provide a
jija jija jija jija jija jija jija jija jija jija rationale for your answer. jija jija jija


Answer: In this example, the income variable is measured
jija jija jija jija jija jija jija jija jija at the ordinal level. The income
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catego- ries are exhaustive, ranging from less than
jija jija jija jija jija jija jija jija jija $50,000 to greater than jija jija jija


$80,000. The two open-ended
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AG 1-1 jija

,AG 1-2 jija Answer jijaGuidelines jijafor jijaQuestions jijato jijaBe jijaGraded


categories ensure that all salary levels are covered. The categories are not exclusive, since
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catego- ries (d) and (e) include an $80,000 salary, so study participants making
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$80,000 might mark either (d) or (e) or both categories, resulting in erroneous data.
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Category (e) could be changed
jija to greater than $80,000, making the categories
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exclusive. The categories can be rank ordered from the lowest salary to the highest
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salary, which is consistent with ordinal data (Grove & Gray, 2019; Waltz et al.,
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2017).
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5. What level of measurement is the CDS score? Provide a rationale for your answer.
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Answer: The CDS score is at the interval level of measurement. The CDS is a 26-
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item Likert scale developed to measure depression in cardiac patients. Study
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participants rated their symp- toms on a scale of 1 to 7, with higher numbers
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indicating increased severity in the depression symptoms. The total scores for each
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subject obtained from this multi-item scale are considered to be at the interval level
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of measurement (Gray et al., 2017; Waltz et al., 2017).
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5. Were nonparametric or parametric analysis techniques used to analyze the CDS
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scores for the cardiac patients in this study? Provide a rationale for your
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answer.
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Answer: Parametric statistics, such as mean and SD, were conducted to describe CDS
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scores
jija for study participants (see Table 1). CDS scores are interval-level data as
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indicated in Questions 5, so parametric statistics are appropriate for this level of data
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(Gray et al., 2017; Kim & Mallory, 2017).
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7. Is the prevalence of depression linked to the NYHA class? Discuss the
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clinical importance of this result.
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Answer: The study narrative indicated that the prevalence of depression increased with
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the greater NYHA class. In NYHA class III, 64% of the subjects were depressed, whereas
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11% of the subjects were depressed in NYHA class I. Thus, as the NYHA class increased, the
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number of sub- jects with depression increased. This is an expected finding because as the
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NYHA class increases, cardiac patients have more severe physical symptoms, which usually
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result in emotional distress, such as depression. Nurses need to actively assess cardiac
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patients for depression, especially those
jija in higher NYHA classes, so they might be
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diagnosed and treated as needed.
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8. What frequency and percent of cardiac patients in this study were not being
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treated with an antidepressant? Show your calculations and round your answer
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to the nearest whole percent (%).
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Answer: A total of 106 cardiac patients
j i j a participated in this
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The
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antidepressant
j i j a (see Table 1). The number of cardiac patients not j i j a j i j a j i j a j i j a j i j a j i j a j i j a jija jija


treated for depression was 91 (106 – 15 = 91). The group percent
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is
jija calculated by
jija the following formula: (group frequency ÷ total jija j i j a j i j a j i j a j i j a j i j a j i j a jija


sample
j i j a size) × 100%. For this study, (91
j i j a patients ÷ 106 sample j i j a jija j i j a j i j a j i j a jija j i j a j i j a jija j i j a


size)
j i j a × 100% = 0.858 × 100%
j i j a = 85.8% = 86%. The
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answer is rounded to the nearest whole percent as directed in the
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question. You could have also subtracted the 14% of patients treated with
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antidepressants from 100% and obtained the 86% who were not treated with an
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antidepressant.
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t. What was the purpose of the 5-minute walk test (5MWT)? Would the 5MWT
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be useful in clinical practice?
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Answer: Ha et al. (2018) stated, ―The 6-min walk test (6MWT) is a measure of the
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submaximal, steady-state functional capacity‖ of cardiac patients. This test would be a
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quick, easy way to determine
jija ajijacardiac patient’s functional status in
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clinical
j i j a setting. This functional status score could be used to determine
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, jija the treatment
jija jija plan jija to jija promote jija or jija maintain jija functional jija status of cardiac
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jija patients.