BIO-181 EXAM 2 COMPREHENSIVE FINAL
EXAM REVIEW 70+ ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS (A+ SOLUTION)
1. Entropy - ANSWER ✔ - A measure of disorder or randomness.
2. Free energy coupling and ATP - ANSWER ✔ - Free energy converts ATP to ADP.
3. Potential energy - ANSWER ✔ - stored energy
4. Kinetic energy - ANSWER ✔ - energy of motion
5. Endergonic - ANSWER ✔ - a reaction that absorbs free energy from its surroundings EX:
Photosynthesis
6. Exergonic - ANSWER ✔ - a reaction that releases free energy to its surroundings EX: Respiration
7. Aerobic respiration - ANSWER ✔ - Respiration that requires oxygen
8. Fermentation (anaerobic respiration) - ANSWER ✔ - Process by which cells release energy in the
absence of oxygen
9. Role of NADH and FADH2 in cellular respiration - ANSWER ✔ - removal of hydrogen atoms by
redox coenzymes FAD becomes FADH2 and NAD+ becomes NADH
10. Activation energy - ANSWER ✔ - Energy needed to get a reaction started
11. Enzymes - ANSWER ✔ - Catalysts for chemical reactions in living things
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, 12. Active site - ANSWER ✔ - A region on an enzyme that binds to a protein or other substance
during a reaction.
13. Induced fit hypothesis - ANSWER ✔ - Partial binding of a substrate to an enzyme alters the
structure of the enzyme.
14. Competitive inhibition - ANSWER ✔ - substance that resembles the normal substrate competes
with the substrate for the active site
15. Non-competitive inhibitor - ANSWER ✔ - A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by
binding to a location remote from the active site, changing its conformation so that it no longer
binds to the substrate.
16. Feedback inhibition - ANSWER ✔ - End product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an
enzyme within that pathway.
17. Cooperativity - ANSWER ✔ - Shape of enzyme is altered by the substrate .
18. Substrate specificity - ANSWER ✔ - Ability of an enzyme to discriminate between very similar
molecules
19. The effects of a catalyst - ANSWER ✔ -
20. What is oxidized in C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy (also the reducing agent) -
ANSWER ✔ - C6H12O6
21. What is reduced in C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy (also the oxidizing agent) -
ANSWER ✔ - 6 O2
22. Catabolism - ANSWER ✔ - Metabolic pathways that break down molecules, releasing energy.
23. Anabolism - ANSWER ✔ - Metabolic pathways that construct molecules, requiring energy.
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EXAM REVIEW 70+ ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS (A+ SOLUTION)
1. Entropy - ANSWER ✔ - A measure of disorder or randomness.
2. Free energy coupling and ATP - ANSWER ✔ - Free energy converts ATP to ADP.
3. Potential energy - ANSWER ✔ - stored energy
4. Kinetic energy - ANSWER ✔ - energy of motion
5. Endergonic - ANSWER ✔ - a reaction that absorbs free energy from its surroundings EX:
Photosynthesis
6. Exergonic - ANSWER ✔ - a reaction that releases free energy to its surroundings EX: Respiration
7. Aerobic respiration - ANSWER ✔ - Respiration that requires oxygen
8. Fermentation (anaerobic respiration) - ANSWER ✔ - Process by which cells release energy in the
absence of oxygen
9. Role of NADH and FADH2 in cellular respiration - ANSWER ✔ - removal of hydrogen atoms by
redox coenzymes FAD becomes FADH2 and NAD+ becomes NADH
10. Activation energy - ANSWER ✔ - Energy needed to get a reaction started
11. Enzymes - ANSWER ✔ - Catalysts for chemical reactions in living things
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, 12. Active site - ANSWER ✔ - A region on an enzyme that binds to a protein or other substance
during a reaction.
13. Induced fit hypothesis - ANSWER ✔ - Partial binding of a substrate to an enzyme alters the
structure of the enzyme.
14. Competitive inhibition - ANSWER ✔ - substance that resembles the normal substrate competes
with the substrate for the active site
15. Non-competitive inhibitor - ANSWER ✔ - A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by
binding to a location remote from the active site, changing its conformation so that it no longer
binds to the substrate.
16. Feedback inhibition - ANSWER ✔ - End product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an
enzyme within that pathway.
17. Cooperativity - ANSWER ✔ - Shape of enzyme is altered by the substrate .
18. Substrate specificity - ANSWER ✔ - Ability of an enzyme to discriminate between very similar
molecules
19. The effects of a catalyst - ANSWER ✔ -
20. What is oxidized in C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy (also the reducing agent) -
ANSWER ✔ - C6H12O6
21. What is reduced in C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy (also the oxidizing agent) -
ANSWER ✔ - 6 O2
22. Catabolism - ANSWER ✔ - Metabolic pathways that break down molecules, releasing energy.
23. Anabolism - ANSWER ✔ - Metabolic pathways that construct molecules, requiring energy.
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