Drexel NURS 549 CARDIOVASCULAR Exam Questions and answers 2025.

Drexel NURS 549 CARDIOVASCULAR
Exam Questions and answers 2025




Diuretics .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Ion .transport .inhibitors .that .impact .reabsorption
.of .electrolytes. .The .movement .of .H2O .is .incidental .by .an .osmotic .gradient


Types .of .Diuretics .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-1. .Loop- .most .efficacious, .work
.outside .of .the .lumen
2. .Thiazide- .only .one .with .active .site .on .the .luminal .surface, .needs .decent .renal
.perfusion .(GFR> .30)
3. .Potassium .sparing- .important .for .electrolyte .manipulation. .Only .available .PO

Side .Effects .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-1. .Dry .mouth
2. .Electrolyte .imbalance
3. .Thiazides .have .unintended .effect .of .excretion .if .other .solutes .*potentiate .uric
.acid .retention!


Beta .Adrenergic .Blockers .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Relieve .workload .by .preventing
.sympathetic .stimulation .of .beta .1 .receptors .in .the .heart. .Also .prevent .renin
.release .and .water .retention .in .the .kidneys. .
**Some .BB .are .not .beta .1 .specific .or .lose .specificity .in .high .doses! .Blockade
.of .beta .2 .receptors .in .the .lung .can .be .a .problem .in .patients .with .reactive
.airway .disease


Beta .1 .Selective .Drugs .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-1. .Atenolol .(Tenormin)
2. .Penbutolol .(Levarol)
3. .Acebutolol .(Sectral)
4. .Metoprolol .(Lopressor)
5. .Esmolol .(Brevibloc)

Beta .1 .and .Beta .2 .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-1. .Propranolol .(Inderal)
2. .Nadolol .(Corgard)
3. .Pindolol .(Visken)
4. .Carvedilol .(Coreg)
5. .Labetolol .(Trandate)

Nebivolol .(Bystolic) .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-The .most .cardioselective .BB .that
.also .increases .nitric .oxide .release. .ONLY .indication .is .for .hypertension

, BB .Side .Effects .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-1. .Bradycardia
2. .Hypotension
3. .CHF .- .can .worsen .cases .of .profound .HF
4. .B2 .receptor .inhibition:
.-Bronchospasm
.-inability .to .launch .sympathetic .response
.-Fatigue, .weakness
.-inability .to .ejaculate
.-CNS .depression .(may .be .used .for .anxiety)


BB .Contraindications .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-1. .Bradycardia
2. .Heart .block .beyond .1st .degree
3. .Reactive .airway .disease

BB .Drug .Interactions .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-1. .Antacids .decrease .absorption .of
.everything .
2. .Anticholinergics .increase .absorption .by .slowing .down .motility

Carvedilol .(Coreg) .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-1. .Beta .and .alpha .blocker
2. .Alpha .blockade .produces .vasodilation .(norepinephrine) .
3. .Beta .blockage .is .not .selective .
4. .Decreases .both .CO .and .PVR.
5. .Decent .at .controlling .blood .pressure .
6. .CHF, .HTN .and .LV .dysfunction .after .MI

Alpha .blockers .MOA .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Vasodilate .arteries .by .way .of
.blocking .norepinephrine. .Not .typically .used .1st .line .because .they're .not .very
.efficacious. .May .have .off .label .use .for .managing .nightmares


Alpha .Blockers .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-1. .Prazosin .(Minipress)
2. .Terazosin .(Hytrin)
3. .Doxazosin .(Cardura)

Alpha .Blocker .Side .Effects .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-1. .Orthostatic .Hypotension
2. .Headache .(pain .sensitive .arteries .become .dilated)
3. .Drowsiness
4. .N/V
5. .Impotence

ACE .Inhibitors .MOA .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Blocks .conversion .of .angiotensin .I
.to .II. .Angiotensin .II .binds .to .receptors .causing .vasoconstriction, .stimulates
.aldosterone .release .and .stimulates .ADH .release.
*Typically .1st .line .for .HTN

NSAIDS .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Can .attenuate .antihypertensive .effects .by
.altering .prostaglandin-mediated .vasodilation.


ACE .Inhibitors .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-1. .Captopril .(Capoten)
2. .Lisinipril .(Zestril)