OPT 210 Diagnostic Pharm Exam With Correct Answers!!
What is a drawback of single dose units (SDU)?
preservative-free, so no ingredient to stop microbial growth
What is a benefit of single dose units (SDU)?
preservative-free, so healthier for eye (as long as no contamination)
What is a benefit of multiple dose preserved units?
preservative, so can be used repeatedly and has antimicrobial chemical = increased
shelf-life
What is the most common preservative used in multiple dose preserved units?
benzalkonium chloride (BAC or BAK) but this can cause some corneal toxicity
,How does the multiple-dose preservative-free (MDPF) unit work?
one-way valve dispenses one sterile drop only, tip closes, then the filter inside protects
solution from airborne microorganisms
What is contained in ophthalmic solution formulations?
aqueous w/ saline, buffering salts, polymers
What is the role of the buffering salts in ophthalmic solution formulations?
maintain pH of 5.0 to 8.0 (normal tears is 7.4, comfort zone is 6.6-7.8) =
less stinging / more comfortable
longer shelf life of 2 yrs or so
What is the role of the polymers in ophthalmic solution formulations?
higher viscosity = lasts longer on corneal surface
,What are some examples of ophthalmic solution formulations?
AT's, dilating drops, etc.
What is contained in ophthalmic suspension formulations?
heterogenous compound with milky appearance bc solids are suspended in solution to
increase contact time
What do we need to do before instilling ophthalmic suspension formulations? Why?
shake well to re-disperse sediment particles into the liquid
What is an example of an ophthalmic suspension formulation?
steroid
What is contained in ophthalmic gel formulations?
, highly viscous saline aqueous base w/ mucoadhesive polymer
What is a benefit of ophthalmic gel formulations?
bioadhesion attaches drug to tissue = increased contact time on eye = good to use
overnight
What is a drawback of ophthalmic gel formulations?
blurs vision temporarily bc somewhat goopy
What is contained in ophthalmic emulsion formulations?
active ingredient dissolved in oil, then emulsifying agent and water vigorously mixed to
form uniform water-in-oil (milky) emulsion
Why do we not have to shake ophthalmic emulsion formulations?
homogenation process reduces oil droplet size to sub-micron size to stabilize droplet =
does not separate into components
What is a drawback of single dose units (SDU)?
preservative-free, so no ingredient to stop microbial growth
What is a benefit of single dose units (SDU)?
preservative-free, so healthier for eye (as long as no contamination)
What is a benefit of multiple dose preserved units?
preservative, so can be used repeatedly and has antimicrobial chemical = increased
shelf-life
What is the most common preservative used in multiple dose preserved units?
benzalkonium chloride (BAC or BAK) but this can cause some corneal toxicity
,How does the multiple-dose preservative-free (MDPF) unit work?
one-way valve dispenses one sterile drop only, tip closes, then the filter inside protects
solution from airborne microorganisms
What is contained in ophthalmic solution formulations?
aqueous w/ saline, buffering salts, polymers
What is the role of the buffering salts in ophthalmic solution formulations?
maintain pH of 5.0 to 8.0 (normal tears is 7.4, comfort zone is 6.6-7.8) =
less stinging / more comfortable
longer shelf life of 2 yrs or so
What is the role of the polymers in ophthalmic solution formulations?
higher viscosity = lasts longer on corneal surface
,What are some examples of ophthalmic solution formulations?
AT's, dilating drops, etc.
What is contained in ophthalmic suspension formulations?
heterogenous compound with milky appearance bc solids are suspended in solution to
increase contact time
What do we need to do before instilling ophthalmic suspension formulations? Why?
shake well to re-disperse sediment particles into the liquid
What is an example of an ophthalmic suspension formulation?
steroid
What is contained in ophthalmic gel formulations?
, highly viscous saline aqueous base w/ mucoadhesive polymer
What is a benefit of ophthalmic gel formulations?
bioadhesion attaches drug to tissue = increased contact time on eye = good to use
overnight
What is a drawback of ophthalmic gel formulations?
blurs vision temporarily bc somewhat goopy
What is contained in ophthalmic emulsion formulations?
active ingredient dissolved in oil, then emulsifying agent and water vigorously mixed to
form uniform water-in-oil (milky) emulsion
Why do we not have to shake ophthalmic emulsion formulations?
homogenation process reduces oil droplet size to sub-micron size to stabilize droplet =
does not separate into components
