CORNELL PHYSIOLOGY CONCEPTS EXAM 2025 WITH 100% ACCURATE
SOLUTIONS
1. Which of the following statements regarding facilitated diffusion is TRUE?
It is a measure of water flowing through aquaporins.
It is the movement of solutes down their concentration gradient
through the lipid bilayer.
It is the movement of solutes against their concentration gradient
through the lipid bilayer.
The solute flows against its concentration gradient and therefor
requires energy.
The solute flows down its concentration gradient.
2. What hormones are primarily stimulated by GnRH?
Cortisol and Aldosterone
FSH and LH
Insulin and Glucagon
Testosterone and Estrogen
3. What is the primary process involved in osmosis?
Diffusing gases through a membrane
Moving water across a membrane
Transporting ions across a membrane
Absorbing nutrients through a membrane
4. Describe the process of facilitated diffusion and its significance in
,cellular transport.
, Facilitated diffusion occurs only in prokaryotic cells and does not
involve transport proteins.
Facilitated diffusion requires energy to transport lipophilic
molecules against their concentration gradient.
Facilitated diffusion is a process where hydrophilic molecules
move across the cell membrane through specific transport
proteins, allowing cells to uptake essential substances without
expending energy.
Facilitated diffusion is the same as active transport, which requires
ATP.
5. Which does hypoventilation compensate for?
Acidosis Compensation
Alkalosis Compensation
6. The function of glucagon is to:
increase blood glucose level
decrease gluconeogenesis
decrease lipolysis
all of the above
7. Describe the role of GnRH in the reproductive hormone regulation.
GnRH regulates the secretion of insulin and glucagon in the
pancreas.
GnRH inhibits the production of testosterone and estrogen in the
gonads.
GnRH directly stimulates the ovaries and testes to produce
gametes.
, GnRH stimulates the release of FSH and LH from the anterior
pituitary, which are crucial for reproductive function.
8. If the concentration of Na+ in the extracellular fluid decreases
significantly, what physiological effect might this have on neuronal
function?
It will enhance neuronal excitability and increase signal
transmission.
It will cause neurons to fire spontaneously.
It may lead to decreased neuronal excitability and impaired
signal transmission.
It will have no effect on neuronal function.
9. Describe the significance of Na+ and Cl- concentrations in the
extracellular fluid for physiological processes.
Na+ and Cl- are primarily involved in protein synthesis.
Na+ and Cl- are only important for muscle contraction.
Na+ and Cl- are crucial for maintaining osmotic balance and
electrical gradients across cell membranes.
Na+ and Cl- play no significant role in cellular functions.
10. What is the function of the hormone known as glucagon?
Decrease blood glucose levels
Increase blood glucose levels
Allow regulations in blood sugar without rising too much
Keep blood glucose levels in normal range
11. Describe the role of Inhibitin in the endocrine system.
SOLUTIONS
1. Which of the following statements regarding facilitated diffusion is TRUE?
It is a measure of water flowing through aquaporins.
It is the movement of solutes down their concentration gradient
through the lipid bilayer.
It is the movement of solutes against their concentration gradient
through the lipid bilayer.
The solute flows against its concentration gradient and therefor
requires energy.
The solute flows down its concentration gradient.
2. What hormones are primarily stimulated by GnRH?
Cortisol and Aldosterone
FSH and LH
Insulin and Glucagon
Testosterone and Estrogen
3. What is the primary process involved in osmosis?
Diffusing gases through a membrane
Moving water across a membrane
Transporting ions across a membrane
Absorbing nutrients through a membrane
4. Describe the process of facilitated diffusion and its significance in
,cellular transport.
, Facilitated diffusion occurs only in prokaryotic cells and does not
involve transport proteins.
Facilitated diffusion requires energy to transport lipophilic
molecules against their concentration gradient.
Facilitated diffusion is a process where hydrophilic molecules
move across the cell membrane through specific transport
proteins, allowing cells to uptake essential substances without
expending energy.
Facilitated diffusion is the same as active transport, which requires
ATP.
5. Which does hypoventilation compensate for?
Acidosis Compensation
Alkalosis Compensation
6. The function of glucagon is to:
increase blood glucose level
decrease gluconeogenesis
decrease lipolysis
all of the above
7. Describe the role of GnRH in the reproductive hormone regulation.
GnRH regulates the secretion of insulin and glucagon in the
pancreas.
GnRH inhibits the production of testosterone and estrogen in the
gonads.
GnRH directly stimulates the ovaries and testes to produce
gametes.
, GnRH stimulates the release of FSH and LH from the anterior
pituitary, which are crucial for reproductive function.
8. If the concentration of Na+ in the extracellular fluid decreases
significantly, what physiological effect might this have on neuronal
function?
It will enhance neuronal excitability and increase signal
transmission.
It will cause neurons to fire spontaneously.
It may lead to decreased neuronal excitability and impaired
signal transmission.
It will have no effect on neuronal function.
9. Describe the significance of Na+ and Cl- concentrations in the
extracellular fluid for physiological processes.
Na+ and Cl- are primarily involved in protein synthesis.
Na+ and Cl- are only important for muscle contraction.
Na+ and Cl- are crucial for maintaining osmotic balance and
electrical gradients across cell membranes.
Na+ and Cl- play no significant role in cellular functions.
10. What is the function of the hormone known as glucagon?
Decrease blood glucose levels
Increase blood glucose levels
Allow regulations in blood sugar without rising too much
Keep blood glucose levels in normal range
11. Describe the role of Inhibitin in the endocrine system.
