NU 673 Midterm Exam 216 CORRECT
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 2025-2026.
NU 673 Midterm Exam 216 CORRECT
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 2025-2026.
This consists of aggregations of neuro- nal cell bodies. It rims the surfaces of the cerebral hemispheres,
forming the cerebral cortex
A. Gray matter
B. White matter - ANSWER A. Gray matter
- Deep in the brain lie additional clusters of gray matter (Fig. 17-2). These include the basal ganglia,
which affect movement, and the thalamus and the hypothala- mus structures in the diencephalon. The
thalamus processes sensory impulses and relays them to the cerebral cortex. The hypothalamus
maintains homeostasis (Bickley)
- and regulates temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure. The hypothalamus affects the endocrine
system and governs emotional behaviors such as anger and sexual drive. Hormones secreted in the
hypothalamus act directly on the pitu- itary gland. (Bickley)
Bickley, Lynn S. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking, 12th Edition. Wolters Kluwer
Health, 20160620. VitalBook file.
This consists of neuronal axons that are coated with myelin. The myelin sheaths, which create the white
color, allow nerve impulses to travel more rapidly.
A. Gray matter
B. White matter - ANSWER B. White matter
- The internal capsule is a white-matter structure where myelinated fibers converge from all parts of the
cerebral cortex and descend into the brainstem. The brainstem, which connects the upper part of the
brain with the spinal cord, has three sec- tions: the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla. (Bickley)
Bickley, Lynn S. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking, 12th Edition. Wolters Kluwer
Health, 20160620. VitalBook file.
Consciousness relies on the interaction between intact cerebral hemispheres and a structure in the
diencephalon and upper brainstem
,NU 673 Midterm Exam 216 CORRECT
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 2025-2026.
A. Reticular activating system
B. Cerebellum - ANSWER A. Reticular activating system
- Consciousness relies on the interaction between intact cerebral hemispheres and a structure in the
diencephalon and upper brainstem, the reticular activating (arousal) system.
- The cerebellum, which lies at the base of the brain, coordinates all movement and helps maintain the
body upright in space. (Bickley)
Bickley, Lynn S. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking, 12th Edition. Wolters Kluwer
Health, 20160620. VitalBook file.
Determine how many segements of the ff
A. Cervical
B. Thoracic
C. Lumbar
D. Sacral - ANSWER A. Cervical C1-C8
B. Thoracic T1-T12
C. Lumbar L1-L5
D. Sacral S1-S5
This regulates muscle movements and response to the sensations of touch and pain
A. Somatic
B. Autonomic - ANSWER A. Somatic
- The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of both CNs and periph- eral nerves that project to the
heart, visceral organs, skin, and limbs. It controls the somatic nervous system, which regulates muscle
move- ments and response to the sensations of touch and pain, and the autonomic nervous system that
connects to internal organs and gener- ates autonomic reflex responses. The autonomic nervous system
consists of the sympathetic nervous system, which "mobilizes organs and their functions during times of
stress and arousal, and the para- sympathetic nervous system, which conserves energy and resources
during times of rest and relaxation."5 (Bickley)
,NU 673 Midterm Exam 216 CORRECT
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 2025-2026.
Bickley, Lynn S. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking, 12th Edition. Wolters Kluwer
Health, 20160620. VitalBook file.
Determine the pairs of peripheral nerves
A. Cervical
B. Thoracic
C. Lumbar
D. Sacral
E. Coccygeal - ANSWER A. Cervical- 8
B. Thoracic- 12
C. Lumbar- 5
D. Sacral- 5
E. Coccygeal- 1
- The PNS includes spinal and peripheral nerves that carry impulses to and from the cord. A total of 31
pairs of spinal nerves attach to the spinal cord: 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 1
coccygeal. Each nerve has an anterior (ventral) root containing motor fibers, and a posterior (dorsal)
root containing sensory fibers. The anterior and posterior roots merge to form a short spinal nerve, <5
mm long. Spinal nerve fibers commingle with similar fibers from other levels in plexuses outside the
cord, from which peripheral nerves emerge. Most peripheral nerves contain both sensory (afferent) and
motor (efferent) fibers. (Bickley)
Bickley, Lynn S. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking, 12th Edition. Wolters Kluwer
Health, 20160620. VitalBook file.
Determine the Cranial Nerve:
Oflactory: sense of smell
A. I
B. Ii
C. III
D. IV
, NU 673 Midterm Exam 216 CORRECT
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 2025-2026.
E. V
F. Vi
G. VII
H. VIIi
I. IX
J. X
K. Xi
L. XII - ANSWER XII Hypoglossal motor tongue
Determine the Cranial Nerve:
Optic: vision
A. II
B. I
C. III
D. IV
E. VI
F. V
G. VIII
H. VII
I. IX
J. XI
K. X
L. XII - ANSWER A. II
This mediate voluntary movement and integrate skilled, complicated, or delicate movements by stim-
ulating selected muscular actions and inhibiting others. They also carry impulses that inhibit muscle
tone, the slight tension maintained by normal muscle even when it is relaxed. (Bickley)
A. Corticospinal (pyramidal) tract
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 2025-2026.
NU 673 Midterm Exam 216 CORRECT
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 2025-2026.
This consists of aggregations of neuro- nal cell bodies. It rims the surfaces of the cerebral hemispheres,
forming the cerebral cortex
A. Gray matter
B. White matter - ANSWER A. Gray matter
- Deep in the brain lie additional clusters of gray matter (Fig. 17-2). These include the basal ganglia,
which affect movement, and the thalamus and the hypothala- mus structures in the diencephalon. The
thalamus processes sensory impulses and relays them to the cerebral cortex. The hypothalamus
maintains homeostasis (Bickley)
- and regulates temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure. The hypothalamus affects the endocrine
system and governs emotional behaviors such as anger and sexual drive. Hormones secreted in the
hypothalamus act directly on the pitu- itary gland. (Bickley)
Bickley, Lynn S. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking, 12th Edition. Wolters Kluwer
Health, 20160620. VitalBook file.
This consists of neuronal axons that are coated with myelin. The myelin sheaths, which create the white
color, allow nerve impulses to travel more rapidly.
A. Gray matter
B. White matter - ANSWER B. White matter
- The internal capsule is a white-matter structure where myelinated fibers converge from all parts of the
cerebral cortex and descend into the brainstem. The brainstem, which connects the upper part of the
brain with the spinal cord, has three sec- tions: the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla. (Bickley)
Bickley, Lynn S. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking, 12th Edition. Wolters Kluwer
Health, 20160620. VitalBook file.
Consciousness relies on the interaction between intact cerebral hemispheres and a structure in the
diencephalon and upper brainstem
,NU 673 Midterm Exam 216 CORRECT
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 2025-2026.
A. Reticular activating system
B. Cerebellum - ANSWER A. Reticular activating system
- Consciousness relies on the interaction between intact cerebral hemispheres and a structure in the
diencephalon and upper brainstem, the reticular activating (arousal) system.
- The cerebellum, which lies at the base of the brain, coordinates all movement and helps maintain the
body upright in space. (Bickley)
Bickley, Lynn S. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking, 12th Edition. Wolters Kluwer
Health, 20160620. VitalBook file.
Determine how many segements of the ff
A. Cervical
B. Thoracic
C. Lumbar
D. Sacral - ANSWER A. Cervical C1-C8
B. Thoracic T1-T12
C. Lumbar L1-L5
D. Sacral S1-S5
This regulates muscle movements and response to the sensations of touch and pain
A. Somatic
B. Autonomic - ANSWER A. Somatic
- The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of both CNs and periph- eral nerves that project to the
heart, visceral organs, skin, and limbs. It controls the somatic nervous system, which regulates muscle
move- ments and response to the sensations of touch and pain, and the autonomic nervous system that
connects to internal organs and gener- ates autonomic reflex responses. The autonomic nervous system
consists of the sympathetic nervous system, which "mobilizes organs and their functions during times of
stress and arousal, and the para- sympathetic nervous system, which conserves energy and resources
during times of rest and relaxation."5 (Bickley)
,NU 673 Midterm Exam 216 CORRECT
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 2025-2026.
Bickley, Lynn S. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking, 12th Edition. Wolters Kluwer
Health, 20160620. VitalBook file.
Determine the pairs of peripheral nerves
A. Cervical
B. Thoracic
C. Lumbar
D. Sacral
E. Coccygeal - ANSWER A. Cervical- 8
B. Thoracic- 12
C. Lumbar- 5
D. Sacral- 5
E. Coccygeal- 1
- The PNS includes spinal and peripheral nerves that carry impulses to and from the cord. A total of 31
pairs of spinal nerves attach to the spinal cord: 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 1
coccygeal. Each nerve has an anterior (ventral) root containing motor fibers, and a posterior (dorsal)
root containing sensory fibers. The anterior and posterior roots merge to form a short spinal nerve, <5
mm long. Spinal nerve fibers commingle with similar fibers from other levels in plexuses outside the
cord, from which peripheral nerves emerge. Most peripheral nerves contain both sensory (afferent) and
motor (efferent) fibers. (Bickley)
Bickley, Lynn S. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking, 12th Edition. Wolters Kluwer
Health, 20160620. VitalBook file.
Determine the Cranial Nerve:
Oflactory: sense of smell
A. I
B. Ii
C. III
D. IV
, NU 673 Midterm Exam 216 CORRECT
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 2025-2026.
E. V
F. Vi
G. VII
H. VIIi
I. IX
J. X
K. Xi
L. XII - ANSWER XII Hypoglossal motor tongue
Determine the Cranial Nerve:
Optic: vision
A. II
B. I
C. III
D. IV
E. VI
F. V
G. VIII
H. VII
I. IX
J. XI
K. X
L. XII - ANSWER A. II
This mediate voluntary movement and integrate skilled, complicated, or delicate movements by stim-
ulating selected muscular actions and inhibiting others. They also carry impulses that inhibit muscle
tone, the slight tension maintained by normal muscle even when it is relaxed. (Bickley)
A. Corticospinal (pyramidal) tract
