NURS 642 Latest Update Questions and Answers
What is diptheria?
causes a thick covering in the back of the throat which can lead to breathing problems,
paralysis, heart failure and even death.
What is Tetanus?
(lockjaw) }causes painful tightening of the muscles, usually all over the body. "Locking" of the
jaw leads to the person not being about to open their mouth or swallow. Leads to death in 2
out of 10 cases.
What is pertussis?
(whooping cough)
Acute respiratory infection. Highly contagious. Immunity diminishes with time after initial
infection or immunization. Coughing spells so bad that its hard for infants to eat, drink or
breathe. Can last for several weeks, it can also lead to pneumonia, seizures, brain damage and
death.
What is the DTaP vaccine?
-DT toxoids, acellular pertussis fractions
-0.5 mL IM injection
-5 shot series: 2 mo, 4mo, 6mo, 15-18 mo, and 4-6 yrs
Contraindications and side effects to Dtap or Tdap vaccines
Side effects (<10% of children)
-swelling and soreness at the injection site
-fever
-restlessness, listlessness, inconsolable crying
- cried non-stop > 3 hrs. or fever >105F
,-seizures, infantile spasms, a progressive neurological disorder
-Brain or nervous system disease within 7 days after a dose
Tdap- Adolescent Preparation
-New Tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis
-(Boostrix & Adacel)
-0.5ml, IM injection
-Series of 1 shot: at age 11-12 years
-Adolescents 13-18 who missed 11-12-year-old booster should receive a single dose of Tdap as
their catch-up booster vs. Td
-If patients already received a Td booster, it is encouraged to wait 5 years to give this current
booster to reduce local/systemic reactions. But could give it sooner if the patient is at high risk
or outbreak conditions exist
-ACIP did not define an absolute minimum interval between Td and Tdap
Names of Tdap vaccines
Boostrix (GlaxoSmithKline)
Approved for persons 10-18 years
Adacel (Sanofi Pasteur)
Approved for persons 11-64 years
No brand preference, except as dictated by the age group being vaccinated
What is Hepatitis A?
-Is a serious liver disease caused by the Hepatitis A Virus (HAV), which is found in the stool of
people with hepatitis A.
-Usually spread by close personal contact and sometimes by eating food or drinking water
containing HAV. A person with hepatitis A can easily pass the disease to others within the
household.
-Symptoms include: "flu-like" illness, jaundice of the skin or eyes, dark urine, severe stomach
,pains, and diarrhea
-Two-thirds of all cases are not in those previous high-risk states- southwestern USA.
-High-risk areas Mexico, Caribbean Islands.
-Outbreak in Pittsburgh area infected over 600 people and killed four, traced to contaminated
green onions served at Mexican restaurants
Hepatitis A vaccination: names and procedure
Havrix or Vaqta
-0.5 mL (<18 yrs); 1.0 mL (>19 yrs), IM injection
-Series of 2 shots
-All children should receive the Hep A vaccine at the 12-month visit and boosted at the 18-
month visit.
-The doses should be given at least 6 months apart.
Contraindication & Side effects to the Hepatitis A Vaccine
Contraindications
-People should not get the vaccine if they had a life-threatening allergic reaction to a previous
dose of the Hep A vaccine
-An allergy to latex or the alum 2-phenoxyethanol
Side Effects
-soreness around the site, headache, loss of appetite, tiredness
What is Hepatitis B?
-Is a serious disease caused by a virus that attacks the liver.
-Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) can cause lifelong infections, cirrhosis of the liver, liver cancer, liver
failure, and death
-Spread by blood, semen, or other body fluid enters the body of a person who is not infected
-NOT routinely spread by food or water
Hepatitis B: name and procedure
, - Engerix-B, Recombivax HB
-0.5 mL, IM injection
-A series of 3 shots: at birth, 1-2 months, and 6-19 months.
-Some babies get 4 doses if there is a combination vaccine; an extra dose is not harmful.
-1st and 2nd dose is 4 weeks apart
-2nd and 3rd doses are 8 weeks apart
-New guidelines for premature infants <2kg
-Alternate dose for adolescence or catch up; can give up to 18 years of age.
Contraindications and side effects to the Hepatitis B vaccine
Contraindications
-People should get the vaccine if they have a life-threatening allergy to yeast or any
components of the vaccine
Side effects
-soreness at injection site
-fever
What is Haemophilus influenzae type B?
-Hib is a bacterium that can cause severe infection, occurring mostly in infants and children
younger than 5 years.
-It can cause ear infections, bloodstream infections, lung infections, meningitis, epiglottis,
cellulitis
-It is spread by person-to-person contact or through respiratory droplets by coughing and
sneezing
Hib vaccine: name, schedule and procedure
-PedvaxHIB, ActHIB, Hiberix
-Bacterial fraction conjugated with other substances. Several different formulations are
combined with other vaccines.
What is diptheria?
causes a thick covering in the back of the throat which can lead to breathing problems,
paralysis, heart failure and even death.
What is Tetanus?
(lockjaw) }causes painful tightening of the muscles, usually all over the body. "Locking" of the
jaw leads to the person not being about to open their mouth or swallow. Leads to death in 2
out of 10 cases.
What is pertussis?
(whooping cough)
Acute respiratory infection. Highly contagious. Immunity diminishes with time after initial
infection or immunization. Coughing spells so bad that its hard for infants to eat, drink or
breathe. Can last for several weeks, it can also lead to pneumonia, seizures, brain damage and
death.
What is the DTaP vaccine?
-DT toxoids, acellular pertussis fractions
-0.5 mL IM injection
-5 shot series: 2 mo, 4mo, 6mo, 15-18 mo, and 4-6 yrs
Contraindications and side effects to Dtap or Tdap vaccines
Side effects (<10% of children)
-swelling and soreness at the injection site
-fever
-restlessness, listlessness, inconsolable crying
- cried non-stop > 3 hrs. or fever >105F
,-seizures, infantile spasms, a progressive neurological disorder
-Brain or nervous system disease within 7 days after a dose
Tdap- Adolescent Preparation
-New Tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis
-(Boostrix & Adacel)
-0.5ml, IM injection
-Series of 1 shot: at age 11-12 years
-Adolescents 13-18 who missed 11-12-year-old booster should receive a single dose of Tdap as
their catch-up booster vs. Td
-If patients already received a Td booster, it is encouraged to wait 5 years to give this current
booster to reduce local/systemic reactions. But could give it sooner if the patient is at high risk
or outbreak conditions exist
-ACIP did not define an absolute minimum interval between Td and Tdap
Names of Tdap vaccines
Boostrix (GlaxoSmithKline)
Approved for persons 10-18 years
Adacel (Sanofi Pasteur)
Approved for persons 11-64 years
No brand preference, except as dictated by the age group being vaccinated
What is Hepatitis A?
-Is a serious liver disease caused by the Hepatitis A Virus (HAV), which is found in the stool of
people with hepatitis A.
-Usually spread by close personal contact and sometimes by eating food or drinking water
containing HAV. A person with hepatitis A can easily pass the disease to others within the
household.
-Symptoms include: "flu-like" illness, jaundice of the skin or eyes, dark urine, severe stomach
,pains, and diarrhea
-Two-thirds of all cases are not in those previous high-risk states- southwestern USA.
-High-risk areas Mexico, Caribbean Islands.
-Outbreak in Pittsburgh area infected over 600 people and killed four, traced to contaminated
green onions served at Mexican restaurants
Hepatitis A vaccination: names and procedure
Havrix or Vaqta
-0.5 mL (<18 yrs); 1.0 mL (>19 yrs), IM injection
-Series of 2 shots
-All children should receive the Hep A vaccine at the 12-month visit and boosted at the 18-
month visit.
-The doses should be given at least 6 months apart.
Contraindication & Side effects to the Hepatitis A Vaccine
Contraindications
-People should not get the vaccine if they had a life-threatening allergic reaction to a previous
dose of the Hep A vaccine
-An allergy to latex or the alum 2-phenoxyethanol
Side Effects
-soreness around the site, headache, loss of appetite, tiredness
What is Hepatitis B?
-Is a serious disease caused by a virus that attacks the liver.
-Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) can cause lifelong infections, cirrhosis of the liver, liver cancer, liver
failure, and death
-Spread by blood, semen, or other body fluid enters the body of a person who is not infected
-NOT routinely spread by food or water
Hepatitis B: name and procedure
, - Engerix-B, Recombivax HB
-0.5 mL, IM injection
-A series of 3 shots: at birth, 1-2 months, and 6-19 months.
-Some babies get 4 doses if there is a combination vaccine; an extra dose is not harmful.
-1st and 2nd dose is 4 weeks apart
-2nd and 3rd doses are 8 weeks apart
-New guidelines for premature infants <2kg
-Alternate dose for adolescence or catch up; can give up to 18 years of age.
Contraindications and side effects to the Hepatitis B vaccine
Contraindications
-People should get the vaccine if they have a life-threatening allergy to yeast or any
components of the vaccine
Side effects
-soreness at injection site
-fever
What is Haemophilus influenzae type B?
-Hib is a bacterium that can cause severe infection, occurring mostly in infants and children
younger than 5 years.
-It can cause ear infections, bloodstream infections, lung infections, meningitis, epiglottis,
cellulitis
-It is spread by person-to-person contact or through respiratory droplets by coughing and
sneezing
Hib vaccine: name, schedule and procedure
-PedvaxHIB, ActHIB, Hiberix
-Bacterial fraction conjugated with other substances. Several different formulations are
combined with other vaccines.
