UCLA Final Exam UPDATED ACTUAL
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Assessment of respiratory distress - CORRECT ANSWER - - difficulty breathing
- increased respiratory rate/effort
- increased muscle use
- nasal flaring
- difficulty breathing in complete sentences
- upright/tripod postions
- increased pulse rate (Tachycardia)
- increased breathing rate (Tachypnea)
Assessment of respiratory failure - CORRECT ANSWER - - requires immediate positive
pressure ventilations
- altered mental status
- loss of muscle tone
- obstruction of upper/lower airway
positive pressure ventilation (BVM) - CORRECT ANSWER - - no breathing
- breathing is to slow/shallow
- exceed 28 breaths/fewer than 8 breaths
- acute pulmonary edema and unconscious
* do not place on supplemental O2 via nasal cannula or non-rebreather mask unless patient is
conscious and able to tolerate
Administer supplemental O2 - CORRECT ANSWER - - patients in respiratory distress
- pulse oximetry not available and patients with mild or moderate respiratory distress should
receive O2 via nasal cannula
,- 94-98% normal O2 saturation
- 88-92% COPD patients
Non-rebreather mask - CORRECT ANSWER - - impending respiratory failure or actual
respiratory failure, who are unable to tolerate positive-pressure ventilations
- suspected or confirmed exposure to toxins
- patients with a traumatic brain injury
Nasal cannula - CORRECT ANSWER - - initial treatment for patients with mild/moderate
respiratory distress
- patient vomiting
- patients who need O2 but can't tolerate mask
High-flow O2 via non-rebreather mask - CORRECT ANSWER - - severe respiratory distress
- shock
- poor tissue perfusion
- CO2 poisoning
- traumatic brain injury
- diving emergencies
Hypoxia - CORRECT ANSWER - - insufficient O2 delivery to the body cells which may lead
to organ ischemia and eventually death
- signs/symptoms
- increased respiratory rate
, - increased HR
- changes in level of consciousness
- restlessness
- irritability
- cyanosis
Respiratory rates - CORRECT ANSWER - Adult: 12-20
Child: 15-30
Infant: 25-50
Snoring breath sounds - CORRECT ANSWER - - upper airway obstruction, usually caused by
the tongue or foreign body
Wheezing breath sounds - CORRECT ANSWER - - obstruction or narrowing of lower
airways
Wheezing - CORRECT ANSWER - - high pitched, whistling sound, most heard on expiration
Crackles - CORRECT ANSWER - - wet, crackling breath sounds, heard on both inhale and
exhale
- may indicate fluid in lungs
Rhonchi - CORRECT ANSWER - - mucus in the lungs
- low pitched noisy sound on exhale
- reports productive cough
Stridor - CORRECT ANSWER - - upper airway obstruction
- neck/upper part of chest
- high pitched sound on inhale and exhale
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Assessment of respiratory distress - CORRECT ANSWER - - difficulty breathing
- increased respiratory rate/effort
- increased muscle use
- nasal flaring
- difficulty breathing in complete sentences
- upright/tripod postions
- increased pulse rate (Tachycardia)
- increased breathing rate (Tachypnea)
Assessment of respiratory failure - CORRECT ANSWER - - requires immediate positive
pressure ventilations
- altered mental status
- loss of muscle tone
- obstruction of upper/lower airway
positive pressure ventilation (BVM) - CORRECT ANSWER - - no breathing
- breathing is to slow/shallow
- exceed 28 breaths/fewer than 8 breaths
- acute pulmonary edema and unconscious
* do not place on supplemental O2 via nasal cannula or non-rebreather mask unless patient is
conscious and able to tolerate
Administer supplemental O2 - CORRECT ANSWER - - patients in respiratory distress
- pulse oximetry not available and patients with mild or moderate respiratory distress should
receive O2 via nasal cannula
,- 94-98% normal O2 saturation
- 88-92% COPD patients
Non-rebreather mask - CORRECT ANSWER - - impending respiratory failure or actual
respiratory failure, who are unable to tolerate positive-pressure ventilations
- suspected or confirmed exposure to toxins
- patients with a traumatic brain injury
Nasal cannula - CORRECT ANSWER - - initial treatment for patients with mild/moderate
respiratory distress
- patient vomiting
- patients who need O2 but can't tolerate mask
High-flow O2 via non-rebreather mask - CORRECT ANSWER - - severe respiratory distress
- shock
- poor tissue perfusion
- CO2 poisoning
- traumatic brain injury
- diving emergencies
Hypoxia - CORRECT ANSWER - - insufficient O2 delivery to the body cells which may lead
to organ ischemia and eventually death
- signs/symptoms
- increased respiratory rate
, - increased HR
- changes in level of consciousness
- restlessness
- irritability
- cyanosis
Respiratory rates - CORRECT ANSWER - Adult: 12-20
Child: 15-30
Infant: 25-50
Snoring breath sounds - CORRECT ANSWER - - upper airway obstruction, usually caused by
the tongue or foreign body
Wheezing breath sounds - CORRECT ANSWER - - obstruction or narrowing of lower
airways
Wheezing - CORRECT ANSWER - - high pitched, whistling sound, most heard on expiration
Crackles - CORRECT ANSWER - - wet, crackling breath sounds, heard on both inhale and
exhale
- may indicate fluid in lungs
Rhonchi - CORRECT ANSWER - - mucus in the lungs
- low pitched noisy sound on exhale
- reports productive cough
Stridor - CORRECT ANSWER - - upper airway obstruction
- neck/upper part of chest
- high pitched sound on inhale and exhale
