NSG 123
Medical Surgical Nursing I
Final Exam Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated
with respiratory acidosis?
a) Hypocalcemia
b) Hyperkalemia
c) Hyponatremia
d) Hypermagnesemia
ANS: b) Hyperkalemia
Rationale: Respiratory acidosis can lead to hyperkalemia due
to hydrogen ions moving into cells and potassium ions moving
out.
©2025
,2. What is the primary cause of acute coronary syndrome
(ACS)?
a) Atherosclerosis
b) Hypertension
c) Diabetes mellitus
d) Arrhythmias
ANS: a) Atherosclerosis
Rationale: ACS is primarily caused by the rupture of
atherosclerotic plaques leading to the formation of thrombus and
restricted blood flow.
3. Which of the following interventions is the priority for a
patient experiencing an acute asthma exacerbation?
a) Administering oral steroids
b) Providing supplemental oxygen
c) Encouraging deep breathing exercises
d) Administering a bronchodilator
ANS: d) Administering a bronchodilator
Rationale: Bronchodilators are the first-line treatment to
quickly relieve bronchospasm and improve airflow during an
acute asthma attack.
©2025
,4. Which type of shock is characterized by decreased cardiac
output and increased systemic vascular resistance?
a) Hypovolemic shock
b) Cardiogenic shock
c) Neurogenic shock
d) Septic shock
ANS: b) Cardiogenic shock
Rationale: Cardiogenic shock is caused by the heart's
inability to pump effectively, leading to decreased cardiac output
and increased systemic vascular resistance.
5. What is the primary mechanism of action of angiotensin-
converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in treating hypertension?
a) Increasing blood volume
b) Dilating blood vessels
c) Reducing heart rate
d) Increasing sodium retention
ANS: b) Dilating blood vessels
Rationale: ACE inhibitors lower blood pressure by blocking
the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, resulting in
vasodilation.
©2025
, Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
6. ________ is the term used to describe the formation of new,
abnormal blood vessels in response to ischemia.
ANS: Angiogenesis
Rationale: Angiogenesis refers to the growth of new blood
vessels from pre-existing ones, typically in response to reduced
oxygen supply.
7. The ________ score is used to assess the risk of developing
pressure ulcers in hospitalized patients.
ANS: Braden
Rationale: The Braden score assesses the risk factors for
pressure ulcers, including sensory perception, moisture, activity,
mobility, nutrition, and friction.
8. ________ is a common complication of chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD) characterized by elevated pulmonary
artery pressure.
ANS: Pulmonary hypertension
Rationale: Pulmonary hypertension is a complication of
COPD due to chronic hypoxia and vascular remodeling.
©2025
Medical Surgical Nursing I
Final Exam Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated
with respiratory acidosis?
a) Hypocalcemia
b) Hyperkalemia
c) Hyponatremia
d) Hypermagnesemia
ANS: b) Hyperkalemia
Rationale: Respiratory acidosis can lead to hyperkalemia due
to hydrogen ions moving into cells and potassium ions moving
out.
©2025
,2. What is the primary cause of acute coronary syndrome
(ACS)?
a) Atherosclerosis
b) Hypertension
c) Diabetes mellitus
d) Arrhythmias
ANS: a) Atherosclerosis
Rationale: ACS is primarily caused by the rupture of
atherosclerotic plaques leading to the formation of thrombus and
restricted blood flow.
3. Which of the following interventions is the priority for a
patient experiencing an acute asthma exacerbation?
a) Administering oral steroids
b) Providing supplemental oxygen
c) Encouraging deep breathing exercises
d) Administering a bronchodilator
ANS: d) Administering a bronchodilator
Rationale: Bronchodilators are the first-line treatment to
quickly relieve bronchospasm and improve airflow during an
acute asthma attack.
©2025
,4. Which type of shock is characterized by decreased cardiac
output and increased systemic vascular resistance?
a) Hypovolemic shock
b) Cardiogenic shock
c) Neurogenic shock
d) Septic shock
ANS: b) Cardiogenic shock
Rationale: Cardiogenic shock is caused by the heart's
inability to pump effectively, leading to decreased cardiac output
and increased systemic vascular resistance.
5. What is the primary mechanism of action of angiotensin-
converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in treating hypertension?
a) Increasing blood volume
b) Dilating blood vessels
c) Reducing heart rate
d) Increasing sodium retention
ANS: b) Dilating blood vessels
Rationale: ACE inhibitors lower blood pressure by blocking
the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, resulting in
vasodilation.
©2025
, Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
6. ________ is the term used to describe the formation of new,
abnormal blood vessels in response to ischemia.
ANS: Angiogenesis
Rationale: Angiogenesis refers to the growth of new blood
vessels from pre-existing ones, typically in response to reduced
oxygen supply.
7. The ________ score is used to assess the risk of developing
pressure ulcers in hospitalized patients.
ANS: Braden
Rationale: The Braden score assesses the risk factors for
pressure ulcers, including sensory perception, moisture, activity,
mobility, nutrition, and friction.
8. ________ is a common complication of chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD) characterized by elevated pulmonary
artery pressure.
ANS: Pulmonary hypertension
Rationale: Pulmonary hypertension is a complication of
COPD due to chronic hypoxia and vascular remodeling.
©2025
