,Table of Content
W W
ChapterW01:WCellularWBiology ..................................................................................................................................... 4
ChapterW02:WGenesWandWGeneticWDiseases ............................................................................................................... 13
ChapterW03:WEpigeneticsWandWDisease ...................................................................................................................... 23
UWSNWT O .................................................................................................................................................................... 23
ChapterW04:WAlteredWCellularWandWTissueWBiology .................................................................................................. 27
HuetherW&WMcCance:WUnderstandingWPathophysiology,W6thWEdition ..................................................................... 39
ChapterW06:WInnateWImmunity:WInflammationWandWWoundWHealingWHuetherW&WMcCance:WUnderstandingWPathop
hysiology,W6thWEdition............................................................................................................................................... 48
ChapterW07:WAdaptiveWImmunity .............................................................................................................................. 60
ChapterW08:WInfectionWandWDefectsWinWMechanismsWofWDefenseWHuetherW&WMcCance:WUnderstandingWPathophys
iology,W6thWEdition .................................................................................................................................................... 66
SINGTB.COM ............................................................................................................................................................... 74
ChapterW09:WStressWandWDisease ............................................................................................................................... 76
ChapterW10:WBiology,WClinicalWManifestations,WandWTreatmentWofWCancerWHuetherW&WMcCance:WUnderstandingW
Pathophysiology,W6thWEdition ................................................................................................................................... 81
ChapterW11:WCancerWEpidemiology ........................................................................................................................... 87
ChapterW12:WCancerWinWChildren............................................................................................................................... 91
ChapterW13:WStructureWandWFunctionWofWtheNeurologicWSystemWHuetherW&WMcCance:WUnderstandingWPathophysi
ology,W6thWEdition ..................................................................................................................................................... 94
ChapterW14:WPain,WTemperature,WSleep,WandWSensoryWFunctionWHuetherW&WMcCance:WUnderstandingWPathophysi
ology,W6thWEdition ................................................................................................................................................... 105
ChapterW15:WAlterationsWinWCognitiveWSystems,WCerebralWHemodynamics,WandWMotorWFunction ....................... 116
ChapterW16:WDisordersWofWtheCentralWandWPeripheralWNervousWSystemsWandWtheNeuromuscularWJunction ......... 126
ChapterW17:WAlterationsWofWNeurologicWFunctionWinWChildrenWHuetherW&WMcCance:WUnderstandingWPathophysio
logy,W6thWEdition ..................................................................................................................................................... 138
ChapterW18:WMechanismsWofWHormonalWRegulation .............................................................................................. 147
ChapterW19:WAlterationsWofWHormonalWRegulation ................................................................................................. 156
ChapterW20:WStructureWandWFunctionWofWtheWHematologicWSystemWHuetherW&WMcCance:WUnderstandingWPathoph
ysiology,W6thWEdition............................................................................................................................................... 169
ChapterW21:WAlterationsWofWHematologicWFunction ................................................................................................ 176
INGTB.COM ............................................................................................................................................................... 177
ChapterW22:WAlterationsWofWHematologicWFunctionWinWChildrenWHuetherW&WMcCance:WUnderstandingWPathophys
iology,W6thWEdition.................................................................................................................................................. 192
ChapterW23:WStructureWandWFunctionWofWtheWCardiovascularWandWLymphaticWSystemsWHuetherW&WMcCance:WUnd
erstandingWPathophysiology,W6thWEdition ............................................................................................................... 200
ChapterW24:WAlterationsWofWCardiovascularWFunction ............................................................................................ 210
UWSNWT O .................................................................................................................................................................. 210
SINGTB.COM ............................................................................................................................................................. 223
UWSNWT O .................................................................................................................................................................. 226
UWSNWT O .................................................................................................................................................................. 228
ChapterW25:WAlterationsWofWCardiovascularWFunctionWinWChildrenWHuetherW&WMcCance:WUnderstandingWPathoph
ysiology,W6thWEdition............................................................................................................................................... 229
SWNWTW W O.................................................................................................................................................................... 232
ChapterW26:WStructureWandWFunctionWofWtheWPulmonaryWSystemWHuetherW&WMcCance:WUnderstandingWPathophys
iology,W6thWEdition .................................................................................................................................................. 236
ChapterW27:WAlterationsWofWPulmonaryWFunction ................................................................................................... 245
, ChapterW28:WAlterationsWofWPulmonaryWFunctionWinWChildrenWHuetherW&WMcCance:WUnderstandingWPathophysio
logy,W6thWEdition ..................................................................................................................................................... 257
ChapterW29:WStructureWandWFunctionWofWtheWRenalWandWUrologicWSystemsWHuetherW&WMcCance:WUnderstanding
WPathophysiology,W6thWEdition ............................................................................................................................... 265
ChapterW30:WAlterationsWofWRenalWandWUrinaryWTractWFunctionWHuetherW&WMcCance:WUnderstandingWPathophys
iology,W6thWEdition.................................................................................................................................................. 273
ChapterW31:WAlterationsWofWRenalWandWUrinaryWTractWFunctionWinWChildrenWHuetherW&WMcCance:WUnderstandin
gWPathophysiology,W6thWEdition ............................................................................................................................. 280
ChapterW32:WStructureWandWFunctionWofWtheWReproductiveWSystemsWHuetherW&WMcCance:WUnderstandingWPathop
hysiology,W6thWEdition............................................................................................................................................. 286
ChapterW33:WAlterationsWofWtheWFemaleWReproductiveWSystemWHuetherW&WMcCance:WUnderstandingWPathophysio
logy,W6thWEdition ..................................................................................................................................................... 295
ChapterW34:WAlterationsWofWtheWMaleWReproductiveWSystem ................................................................................. 300
ChapterW35:WStructureWandWFunctionWofWtheWDigestiveWSystemWHuetherW&WMcCance:WUnderstandingWPathophysi
ology,W6thWEdition ................................................................................................................................................... 305
ChapterW36:WAlterationsWofWDigestiveWFunction ..................................................................................................... 312
ChapterW37:WAlterationsWofWDigestiveWFunctionWinWChildren................................................................................. 325
ChapterW38:WStructureWandWFunctionWofWtheWMusculoskeletalWSystemWHuetherW&WMcCance:WUnderstandingWPath
ophysiology,W6thWEdition......................................................................................................................................... 334
UWSNWT O .................................................................................................................................................................. 337
ChapterW39:WAlterationsWofWMusculoskeletalWFunction .......................................................................................... 342
ChapterW40:WAlterationsWofWMusculoskeletalWFunctionWinWChildrenWHuetherW&WMcCance:WUnderstandingWPathop
hysiology,W6thWEdition............................................................................................................................................. 352
UWSNWT O .................................................................................................................................................................. 354
ChapterW41:WStructure,WFunction,WandWDisordersWofWtheWIntegumentWHuetherW&WMcCance:WUnderstandingWPatho
physiology,W6thWEdition........................................................................................................................................... 357
ChapterW42:WAlterationsWofWtheWIntegumentWinWChildren ....................................................................................... 366
, Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
W W W
Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition
W W W W W W
MULTIPLEWCHOICE
1. AWstudentWisWobservingWaWcellWunderWtheWmicroscope.WItWisWobservedWtoWhaveWsupercoiledW
DNAWwithWhistones.WWhichWofWtheWfollowingWwouldWalsoWbeWobservedWbyWtheWstudent?
a. AWsingleWcircularWchromosome
b. AWnucleus
c. Free-floatingWnuclearWmaterial
d. NoWorganelles
ANS:W B
TheWcellWdescribedWisWaWeukaryoticWcell,WsoWitWhasWhistonesWandWaWsupercoiledWDNAWwithinW
itsWnucleus;Wthus,WtheWnucleusWshouldWbeWobserved.WAWsingleWcircularWchromosomeWcalledWa
WprokaryoteWcontainsWfree-floatingWnuclearWmaterialWbutWhasWnoWorganelles.
REF:Wp.W2
2. AWnurseWisWinstructingWtheWstaffWaboutWcellularWfunctions.WWhichWcellularWfunctionWisWtheWn
urseWdescribingWwhenWanWisolatedWcellWabsorbsWoxygenWandWusesWitWtoWtransformWnutrientsWt
oWenergy?
a. MetabolicWabsorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS:WD
TheWcell’sWabilityWtoWabsorbWoxygenWisWreferredWtoWasWrespirationWwhileWitsWcommunicationWability
WinvolvesWmaintenanceWofWaWsteadyWdynamicWstate,WmetabolicWabsorptionWprovidesWnutrition,WandW
secretionWallowsWforWtheWsynthesizingWofWnewWsubstances.
REF:Wp.W2
3. AWeukaryoticWcellWisWundergoingWDNAWreplication.WInWwhichWregionWofWtheWcellWwouldWm
ostWofWtheWgeneticWinformationWbeWcontained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. NucleusWCytoplasm
ANS:WC
TheWregionWofWtheWcellWthatWcontainsWgeneticWmaterial,WincludingWaWlargeWamountWofWribonuc
leicWacid,WmostWofWtheWDNA,WandWDNA-
bindingWproteins,WisWtheWnucleolus,WwhichWisWlocatedWwithinWtheWcell’sWnucleus.WMitochondri
aWisWassociatedWwithWcellularWrespiration,WwhileWribosomesWareWinvolvedWwithWproteinWmanuf
acturing.WCytoplasmWisWaWfluidWfillingWthatWisWaWcomponentWofWtheWcell.
REF:Wp.W2
W W
ChapterW01:WCellularWBiology ..................................................................................................................................... 4
ChapterW02:WGenesWandWGeneticWDiseases ............................................................................................................... 13
ChapterW03:WEpigeneticsWandWDisease ...................................................................................................................... 23
UWSNWT O .................................................................................................................................................................... 23
ChapterW04:WAlteredWCellularWandWTissueWBiology .................................................................................................. 27
HuetherW&WMcCance:WUnderstandingWPathophysiology,W6thWEdition ..................................................................... 39
ChapterW06:WInnateWImmunity:WInflammationWandWWoundWHealingWHuetherW&WMcCance:WUnderstandingWPathop
hysiology,W6thWEdition............................................................................................................................................... 48
ChapterW07:WAdaptiveWImmunity .............................................................................................................................. 60
ChapterW08:WInfectionWandWDefectsWinWMechanismsWofWDefenseWHuetherW&WMcCance:WUnderstandingWPathophys
iology,W6thWEdition .................................................................................................................................................... 66
SINGTB.COM ............................................................................................................................................................... 74
ChapterW09:WStressWandWDisease ............................................................................................................................... 76
ChapterW10:WBiology,WClinicalWManifestations,WandWTreatmentWofWCancerWHuetherW&WMcCance:WUnderstandingW
Pathophysiology,W6thWEdition ................................................................................................................................... 81
ChapterW11:WCancerWEpidemiology ........................................................................................................................... 87
ChapterW12:WCancerWinWChildren............................................................................................................................... 91
ChapterW13:WStructureWandWFunctionWofWtheNeurologicWSystemWHuetherW&WMcCance:WUnderstandingWPathophysi
ology,W6thWEdition ..................................................................................................................................................... 94
ChapterW14:WPain,WTemperature,WSleep,WandWSensoryWFunctionWHuetherW&WMcCance:WUnderstandingWPathophysi
ology,W6thWEdition ................................................................................................................................................... 105
ChapterW15:WAlterationsWinWCognitiveWSystems,WCerebralWHemodynamics,WandWMotorWFunction ....................... 116
ChapterW16:WDisordersWofWtheCentralWandWPeripheralWNervousWSystemsWandWtheNeuromuscularWJunction ......... 126
ChapterW17:WAlterationsWofWNeurologicWFunctionWinWChildrenWHuetherW&WMcCance:WUnderstandingWPathophysio
logy,W6thWEdition ..................................................................................................................................................... 138
ChapterW18:WMechanismsWofWHormonalWRegulation .............................................................................................. 147
ChapterW19:WAlterationsWofWHormonalWRegulation ................................................................................................. 156
ChapterW20:WStructureWandWFunctionWofWtheWHematologicWSystemWHuetherW&WMcCance:WUnderstandingWPathoph
ysiology,W6thWEdition............................................................................................................................................... 169
ChapterW21:WAlterationsWofWHematologicWFunction ................................................................................................ 176
INGTB.COM ............................................................................................................................................................... 177
ChapterW22:WAlterationsWofWHematologicWFunctionWinWChildrenWHuetherW&WMcCance:WUnderstandingWPathophys
iology,W6thWEdition.................................................................................................................................................. 192
ChapterW23:WStructureWandWFunctionWofWtheWCardiovascularWandWLymphaticWSystemsWHuetherW&WMcCance:WUnd
erstandingWPathophysiology,W6thWEdition ............................................................................................................... 200
ChapterW24:WAlterationsWofWCardiovascularWFunction ............................................................................................ 210
UWSNWT O .................................................................................................................................................................. 210
SINGTB.COM ............................................................................................................................................................. 223
UWSNWT O .................................................................................................................................................................. 226
UWSNWT O .................................................................................................................................................................. 228
ChapterW25:WAlterationsWofWCardiovascularWFunctionWinWChildrenWHuetherW&WMcCance:WUnderstandingWPathoph
ysiology,W6thWEdition............................................................................................................................................... 229
SWNWTW W O.................................................................................................................................................................... 232
ChapterW26:WStructureWandWFunctionWofWtheWPulmonaryWSystemWHuetherW&WMcCance:WUnderstandingWPathophys
iology,W6thWEdition .................................................................................................................................................. 236
ChapterW27:WAlterationsWofWPulmonaryWFunction ................................................................................................... 245
, ChapterW28:WAlterationsWofWPulmonaryWFunctionWinWChildrenWHuetherW&WMcCance:WUnderstandingWPathophysio
logy,W6thWEdition ..................................................................................................................................................... 257
ChapterW29:WStructureWandWFunctionWofWtheWRenalWandWUrologicWSystemsWHuetherW&WMcCance:WUnderstanding
WPathophysiology,W6thWEdition ............................................................................................................................... 265
ChapterW30:WAlterationsWofWRenalWandWUrinaryWTractWFunctionWHuetherW&WMcCance:WUnderstandingWPathophys
iology,W6thWEdition.................................................................................................................................................. 273
ChapterW31:WAlterationsWofWRenalWandWUrinaryWTractWFunctionWinWChildrenWHuetherW&WMcCance:WUnderstandin
gWPathophysiology,W6thWEdition ............................................................................................................................. 280
ChapterW32:WStructureWandWFunctionWofWtheWReproductiveWSystemsWHuetherW&WMcCance:WUnderstandingWPathop
hysiology,W6thWEdition............................................................................................................................................. 286
ChapterW33:WAlterationsWofWtheWFemaleWReproductiveWSystemWHuetherW&WMcCance:WUnderstandingWPathophysio
logy,W6thWEdition ..................................................................................................................................................... 295
ChapterW34:WAlterationsWofWtheWMaleWReproductiveWSystem ................................................................................. 300
ChapterW35:WStructureWandWFunctionWofWtheWDigestiveWSystemWHuetherW&WMcCance:WUnderstandingWPathophysi
ology,W6thWEdition ................................................................................................................................................... 305
ChapterW36:WAlterationsWofWDigestiveWFunction ..................................................................................................... 312
ChapterW37:WAlterationsWofWDigestiveWFunctionWinWChildren................................................................................. 325
ChapterW38:WStructureWandWFunctionWofWtheWMusculoskeletalWSystemWHuetherW&WMcCance:WUnderstandingWPath
ophysiology,W6thWEdition......................................................................................................................................... 334
UWSNWT O .................................................................................................................................................................. 337
ChapterW39:WAlterationsWofWMusculoskeletalWFunction .......................................................................................... 342
ChapterW40:WAlterationsWofWMusculoskeletalWFunctionWinWChildrenWHuetherW&WMcCance:WUnderstandingWPathop
hysiology,W6thWEdition............................................................................................................................................. 352
UWSNWT O .................................................................................................................................................................. 354
ChapterW41:WStructure,WFunction,WandWDisordersWofWtheWIntegumentWHuetherW&WMcCance:WUnderstandingWPatho
physiology,W6thWEdition........................................................................................................................................... 357
ChapterW42:WAlterationsWofWtheWIntegumentWinWChildren ....................................................................................... 366
, Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
W W W
Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition
W W W W W W
MULTIPLEWCHOICE
1. AWstudentWisWobservingWaWcellWunderWtheWmicroscope.WItWisWobservedWtoWhaveWsupercoiledW
DNAWwithWhistones.WWhichWofWtheWfollowingWwouldWalsoWbeWobservedWbyWtheWstudent?
a. AWsingleWcircularWchromosome
b. AWnucleus
c. Free-floatingWnuclearWmaterial
d. NoWorganelles
ANS:W B
TheWcellWdescribedWisWaWeukaryoticWcell,WsoWitWhasWhistonesWandWaWsupercoiledWDNAWwithinW
itsWnucleus;Wthus,WtheWnucleusWshouldWbeWobserved.WAWsingleWcircularWchromosomeWcalledWa
WprokaryoteWcontainsWfree-floatingWnuclearWmaterialWbutWhasWnoWorganelles.
REF:Wp.W2
2. AWnurseWisWinstructingWtheWstaffWaboutWcellularWfunctions.WWhichWcellularWfunctionWisWtheWn
urseWdescribingWwhenWanWisolatedWcellWabsorbsWoxygenWandWusesWitWtoWtransformWnutrientsWt
oWenergy?
a. MetabolicWabsorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS:WD
TheWcell’sWabilityWtoWabsorbWoxygenWisWreferredWtoWasWrespirationWwhileWitsWcommunicationWability
WinvolvesWmaintenanceWofWaWsteadyWdynamicWstate,WmetabolicWabsorptionWprovidesWnutrition,WandW
secretionWallowsWforWtheWsynthesizingWofWnewWsubstances.
REF:Wp.W2
3. AWeukaryoticWcellWisWundergoingWDNAWreplication.WInWwhichWregionWofWtheWcellWwouldWm
ostWofWtheWgeneticWinformationWbeWcontained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. NucleusWCytoplasm
ANS:WC
TheWregionWofWtheWcellWthatWcontainsWgeneticWmaterial,WincludingWaWlargeWamountWofWribonuc
leicWacid,WmostWofWtheWDNA,WandWDNA-
bindingWproteins,WisWtheWnucleolus,WwhichWisWlocatedWwithinWtheWcell’sWnucleus.WMitochondri
aWisWassociatedWwithWcellularWrespiration,WwhileWribosomesWareWinvolvedWwithWproteinWmanuf
acturing.WCytoplasmWisWaWfluidWfillingWthatWisWaWcomponentWofWtheWcell.
REF:Wp.W2
